Interhemispheric asynchrony of NREM EEG at the beginning and end of sleep describes evening vigilance performance in patients undergoing diagnostic polysomnography.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with deficits in vigilance. This work explored the temporal patterns of OSA-related events during sleep and vigilance levels measured by the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) in patients undergoing polysomnography (PSG) for suspected OSA.The PVT was conducted prior to in-laboratory PSG for 80 patients suspected of having OSA.

Prospective crossover trial of positional and CPAP therapy for the treatment of mild-to-moderate positional obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: To evaluate efficacy of vibrotactile positional therapy (PT) compared to standard CPAP therapy in mild-to-moderate positional obstructive sleep apnea (pOSA).

Methods: Prospective crossover randomized controlled trial of adult patients with treatment-naïve, symptomatic, mild-to-moderate pOSA - defined as ≥5 total apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) <30 with supine-to-non-supine (s:ns)AHI ratio ≥2. Participants were randomized to in-laboratory treatment initiation polysomnography with either PT or CPAP on sequential nights before an eight-week trial of each therapy.

Factors associated with noninvasive ventilation usage in patients with hypoventilation disorders.

Study Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between demographic, clinical, and interface factors and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) usage.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of 478 patients prescribed NIV from 2013 to 2021 was performed. Demographic factors, clinical indications for NIV, and interface factors were collected, and linear regression was conducted to evaluate the association between these variables and NIV usage (hour/night).

Nutritional Support in Malnourished Outpatients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

(1) Background: The evidence for nutritional support in COPD is almost entirely based on ready-to-drink oral nutritional supplements (ONSs). This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of powdered ONSs alongside individualized dietary counseling in the management of malnutrition. (2) Methods: Malnourished outpatients with COPD were randomized to receive either routine care (Group A: counseling + recommended to purchase powdered ONSs) or an enhanced intervention (Group B: counseling + provision of powdered ONSs at no cost to the patient) for 12 weeks.

Australasian Sleep Association 2024 guidelines for sleep studies in adults.

Executive summary: This document is a consensus statement of a subcommittee of experienced sleep physicians and scientists, tasked to review the literature and formulate recommendations on the indications, performance, and reporting of sleep studies, to update clinical practice from the 2017 Australasian Sleep Association (ASA) guidelines for sleep studies in adults (Douglas JA, Chai-Coetzer CL, McEvoy D, et al. Guidelines for sleep studies in adults - a position statement of the Australasian Sleep Association. Sleep Med.

The feasibility of using mouthpiece ventilation in the intensive care unit for post-extubation breathing support after acute tetraplegia.

Study Design: A prospective cohort of patients with acute tetraplegia.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using mouthpiece ventilation (MPV) in the intensive care unit (ICU) for patients who are extubated after suffering an acute cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI).

Setting: ICU, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane Australia.

Power spectral analysis of the sleep electroencephalogram in positional obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective/background: Previous studies have shown that obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with reduced delta EEG and increased beta EEG power and increased EEG slowing ratio. There are however no studies that explore differences in sleep EEG between positional obstructive sleep apnoea (pOSA) and non-positional obstructive sleep apnoea (non-pOSA) patients.

Patients/methods: 556 of 1036 consecutive patients (246 of 556 were female) undertaking polysomnography (PSG) for the suspicion of OSA met the inclusion criteria for this study.

Randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of audio-visual health educational materials on CPAP adherence: the AHEAD trial.

Study Objectives: Educational interventions have been proposed to improve continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence; however, studies to date have not demonstrated robust effectiveness, due to methodological issues. Furthermore, these educational interventions have not specifically targeted low health literacy communication techniques, which have been demonstrated to improve outcomes in numerous other chronic diseases. We hypothesized that the addition of low-cost audio-visual educational videos (EVs) to usual standard-of-care (SC) education would improve CPAP adherence in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome.

Association between early stage N2 sleep spindle burst characteristics and vigilance groups: an observational study on patients from a tertiary sleep centre.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with impaired vigilance. This paper examines the hypothesis that sleep spindle (Sp) characteristics during nocturnal sleep can be mapped to vigilance deficits measured by the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) in patients with OSA.The PVT was performed prior to In-laboratory Polysomnography for 250 patients.

Usefulness of self-administered questionnaires in screening for direct referral for polysomnography without sleep physician review.

Study Objectives: To evaluate self-administered screening questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Berlin, OSA50, and STOP-Bang questionnaires) in patients considered for polysomnography for probable obstructive sleep apnea suitable for direct polysomnography without sleep specialist review and to evaluate the usefulness of combining questionnaires in this population.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of tertiary sleep center referrals (November 2017 to April 2020) where ≥ 3 screening questionnaires were completed and type 1 polysomnography was performed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios to detect an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 or ≥ 30 events/h were calculated for each questionnaire (with or without ESS ≥ 8) or any positive questionnaire with ESS ≥ 8.

Adequate health literacy is associated with adherence to continuous positive airway pressure in adults with obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic disease with significant health implications and adequate adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is essential for effective treatment. In many chronic diseases, health literacy has been found to predict treatment adherence and outcomes. In this study, the aim was to determine the health literacy of a sleep clinic population and evaluate the association between health literacy and CPAP adherence.

Overnight airway obstruction severity prediction centered on acoustic properties of smart phone: validation with esophageal pressure.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by a number of airway obstructions. Esophageal pressure manometry (EPM) based estimation of consecutive peak to trough differences (ΔPes) is the gold standard method to quantify the severity of airway obstructions. However, the procedure is rarely available in sleep laboratories due to invasive nature.

Asset life span in a government funded CPAP device program.

Study Objectives: To determine the life span of devices in a government long-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device loan program.

Methods: Retrospective review of CPAP devices provided under the Queensland Health Sleep Disorders program in Queensland, Australia, from data recorded in an in-house database that has collected data since 1995. Primary outcomes were hours of use and age of device at end-of-life.

Noninvasive ventilation usage time and survival rate in patients with acute respiratory failure: some key insights.

https://bit.ly/2SYitiC.

Incidence of hippocampal metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) develop brain metastases in 25-50% of cases during the course of their disease. Data on the incidence of metastases occurring in the hippocampus/perihippocampal zones are limited. This is important when considering hippocampal-sparing brain radiation (HS-BR), a method that could potentially reduce the neurocognitive impact of such treatment.

Longer duration electroencephalogram arousals have a better relationship with impaired vigilance and health status in obstructive sleep apnoea.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder with significant health consequences. Sleep fragmentation is a feature of OSA and is often determined by the arousal index (ArI), a metric based on the electroencephalograph (EEG). The ArI has a weak correlation with neurocognitive outcomes in OSA patients.

Polysomnographic risk factors for vigilance-related cognitive decline and obstructive sleep apnea.

Purpose: Cognitive decline (CD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are often comorbid. Some modifiable risk factors (RF) for CD are also associated with OSA. Diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) measures these RF and may identify at risk patients prior to the onset of CD.

Double-Triggering During Noninvasive Ventilation in a Simulated Lung Model.

Background: Double-triggering is a well-recognized form of patient-ventilator asynchrony in noninvasive ventilation (NIV). This benchtop simulated lung study aimed to determine under which patient and device-specific conditions double-triggering is more prevalent, and how this influences the delivery of NIV.

Methods: Two commonly used proprietary NIV devices were tested using a benchtop lung model.

Dose-response characteristics of noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure.

Acute noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a well-established therapy for acute respiratory failure but the dose-response characteristics of this therapy have not been defined. The aim of this study was to define this dose-response relationship. This study was a retrospective review of patients receiving NIV for acute respiratory failure in a tertiary hospital respiratory high-dependency unit between July 2012 and June 2017.

An Investigation of Critical Frequency Sub-bands of Snoring Sounds for OSA Diagnosis.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a result of upper airway narrowing during sleep. The upper airway characteristics are likely to manifest in the acoustic characteristics of snoring sounds as snoring is a result of upper airway structure vibrations. In previous studies, researchers have used different regions of the frequency spectrum to diagnose OSA and determine sites of obstruction as well.

Corrigendum: Predicting spirometry readings using cough sound features and regression (2018 Physiol. Meas. 39 095001).

The purpose of this submission is to provide missing information to complete the conflict of interest statement associated with the article. The statements provided here augment the already provided information rather than replace it.

A randomised crossover trial comparing nasal masks with oronasal masks: No differences in therapeutic pressures or residual apnea-hypopnea indices.

In treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the use of oronasal masks with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been reported to increase pressure levels and reduce compliance. These reports come mostly from large observational studies. In this study, we examined the impact that oronasal masks have on 95th centile pressures, the residual apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and compliance compared with nasal masks.

Predicting spirometry readings using cough sound features and regression.

Objective: Spirometry is a commonly used method of measuring lung function. It is useful in the definitive diagnosis of diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, spirometry requires cooperative patients, experienced staff, and repeated testing to ensure the consistency of measurements.

Snore Sound Analysis Can Detect the Presence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Specific to NREM or REM Sleep.

Study Objectives: Severities of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) estimated both for the overall sleep duration and for the time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep are important in managing the disease. The objective of this study is to investigate a method by which snore sounds can be analyzed to detect the presence of OSA in NREM and REM sleep.

Methods: Using bedside microphones, snoring and breathing-related sounds were acquired from 91 patients with OSA (35 females and 56 males) undergoing routine diagnostic polysomnography studies.

Non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis screening in the era of positron emission tomography-CT staging: Current practice and outcomes.

Introduction: Several clinical guidelines indicate that brain metastasis screening (BMS) should be guided by disease stage in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We estimate that screening is performed more broadly in practice, and patients undergo brain imaging at considerable cost with questionable benefit. Our aim was to quantify the use and detection rate of BMS in a contemporary cohort staged with F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT).