Virtual non-contrast detector-based spectral CT predictably overestimates tissue density for the characterisation of adrenal lesions compared to true non-contrast CT.

Purpose: To establish if virtual non-contrast (VNC) images generated from contrast-enhanced detector-based spectral CT could replace true non-contrast (TNC) imaging for the characterisation of adrenal masses.

Methods: TNC and VNC images were retrospectively reviewed for 39 patients with one or more adrenal lesions who underwent contrast-enhanced spectral CT of the upper abdomen. Lesions were categorised as either 'adenoma' or 'indeterminate/other lesion' based on current reference standards.

A review of split-bolus single-pass CT in the assessment of trauma patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review and compare the image quality and radiation dose of split-bolus single-pass computed tomography(CT) in the assessment of trauma patients in comparison to standard multi-phase CT techniques.

Methods: An online electronic database was searched using the MESH terms "split-bolus," "dual phase," and "single pass." Inclusion criteria required the research article to compare a split contrast bolus protocol in a single-pass scan in the assessment of trauma patients.

Early repeat computed tomographic imaging in transferred trauma and neurosurgical patients: Incidence, indications and impact.

Introduction: Computed tomographic (CT) imaging is widely available in Australian rural and remote hospitals and is often performed prior to patient transfer to definitive tertiary hospital care. We hypothesised that critically ill trauma and neurosurgical patients might have CT scans repeated after interhospital transfer and that the utility of this practice might be low in relation to the additional financial cost and radiation exposure.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of clinical records to determine the proportion of trauma and neurosurgical patients transferred to our tertiary ICU from other hospitals between 1 June 2013 and 30 June 2014 who underwent a repeat CT scan.

Migration of eroded laparoscopic adjustable gastric band causing small bowel obstruction and perforation.

We present an unusual and rare complication caused by gastric band erosion into the stomach after band placement 15 years ago. The complication was only picked up after the band had subsequently migrated from the stomach at the site of erosion, to the distal ileum causing acute small bowel obstruction and focal perforation requiring emergency laparotomy.Abdominal pain in patients with gastric band should always be treated as serious until proven otherwise.

Pachymeningeal enhancement-a comprehensive review of literature.

Pachymeningeal enhancement, synonymous with dural enhancement, is a radiological feature best appreciated on a contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The vasculature of the dura mater is permeable, facilitating avid uptake of contrast agent and subsequent enhancement. Thin, discontinuous enhancement can be normal, seen in half the normal population.

Is there a need for routine follow-up after primary total hip arthroplasty?

Background: The objective of routine outpatient assessment of well-functioning patients after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) is to detect asymptomatic failure of prostheses to guide recommendations for early intervention. We have observed that the revision of THAs in asymptomatic patients is highly uncommon. We therefore question the need for routine follow-up of patients after THA.

Common bile duct polyp mimicking choledocholithiasis: a case report with laparoscopic transcystic management.

Although polyps of the extrahepatic biliary system are rare, an awareness of their potential existence is important as they may closely mimic choledocholithiasis clinically and radiologically but require distinct measures for successful management. This report describes the presentation and successful laparoscopic transcystic management of this infrequently encountered condition. It also explores the literature and discovers the numerous potential presenting features of common bile duct calculi and the spectrum of possible management options.