Exposure to novel females increases fecundity in adult male prairie voles.

Social circuitry of the mammalian brain can influence male reproductive physiology. This often manifests as plasticity in sperm production or allocation, particularly in response to male-male competition. However, socially mediated testicular plasticity has not been investigated with respect to mating and parental strategy.

Characterization of Neutrophil Functional Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Translational Feline Model for COVID-19.

There is a complex interplay between viral infection and host innate immune response regarding disease severity and outcomes. Neutrophil hyperactivation, including excessive release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is linked to exacerbated disease in acute COVID-19, notably in hospitalized patients. Delineating protective versus detrimental neutrophil responses is essential to developing targeted COVID-19 therapies and relies on high-quality translational animal models.

Influenza virus infection exacerbates gene expression related to neurocognitive dysfunction in brains of old mice.

Background: Age > 65 years is a key risk factor for poor outcomes after human influenza infection. Specifically, in addition to respiratory disease, non-neurotropic influenza A virus (IAV) causes neuro-cognitive complications, e.g.

Cytauxzoonosis in Indiana, USA: a case series of cats infected with (2018-2022).

Case Series Summary: This case series describes six cases involving seven cats naturally infected with in Indiana, USA. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed and all available information on signalment, history, clinical and diagnostic findings, treatment, outcome and pathology was reported. Cats infected with were domestic shorthairs, were aged between 2 and 9 years and all but one of the cats were male.

The magmatic system under Hunga volcano before and after the 15 January 2022 eruption.

One of the largest explosive eruptions instrumentally recorded occurred at Hunga volcano on 15 January 2022. The magma plumbing system under this volcano is unexplored because of inherent difficulties caused by its submarine setting. We use marine gravity data derived from satellite altimetry combined with multibeam bathymetry to model the architecture and dynamics of the magmatic system before and after the January 2022 eruption.

RIG-I agonist SLR10 promotes macrophage M1 polarization during influenza virus infection.

Rationale: A family of short synthetic, triphosphorylated stem-loop RNAs (SLRs) have been designed to activate the retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) pathway and induce a potent interferon (IFN) response, which may have therapeutic potential. We investigated immune response modulation by SLR10. We addressed whether RIG-I pathway activation with SLR10 leads to protection of nonsmoking (NS) and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice after influenza A virus (IAV) infection.

HIGH PREVALENCE OF CYTAUXZOON FELIS IN BOBCATS (LYNX RUFUS) ACROSS OKLAHOMA AND OCCURRENCE IN WEST TEXAS, USA.

Cytauxzoonosis is a fatal tick-borne disease in domestic cats caused by infection with the apicomplexan Cytauxzoon felis. Bobcats are the natural wild-vertebrate reservoirs for C. felis, and infections are typically subclinical and chronic in this species.

Combination Antiretroviral Therapy and Immunophenotype of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus.

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) causes progressive immune dysfunction in cats similar to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans. Although combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is effective against HIV, there is no definitive therapy to improve clinical outcomes in cats with FIV. This study therefore evaluated pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes of cART (2.

A Novel Vaccine Strategy to Prevent Cytauxzoonosis in Domestic Cats.

Cytauxzoonosis is caused by (), a tick-borne parasite that causes severe disease in domestic cats in the United States. Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent this fatal disease, as traditional vaccine development strategies have been limited by the inability to culture this parasite in vitro. Here, we used a replication-defective human adenoviral vector (AdHu5) to deliver -specific immunogenic antigens and induce a cell-mediated and humoral immune response in cats.

A Serodiagnostic IgM ELISA to Detect Acute Cytauxzoonosis.

Cytauxzoonosis is a tick-borne infectious disease affecting domestic cats with high mortality and limited treatment modalities. Because early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention are crucial to survival of infected cats, the objective of this study was to develop an ELISA capable of detecting cytauxzoonosis and differentiating acute vs. chronic infection in clinical feline blood samples.

SARS CoV-2 (Delta Variant) Infection Kinetics and Immunopathogenesis in Domestic Cats.

Continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights the critical need for adaptable and translational animal models for acute COVID-19. Limitations to current animal models for SARS CoV-2 (e.g.

A free-geometry geodynamic modelling of surface gravity changes using Growth-dg software.

Globally there is abundant terrestrial surface gravity data used to study the time variation of gravity related to subsurface mass and density changes in different geological, geodynamical and geotechnical environments. We present here a tool for analysing existing and newly acquired, 4D gravity data, which creates new findings from its reuse. Our method calculates in an almost automatic way the possible sources of density change responsible for the observed gravity variations.

Cytauxzoonosis in North America.

Cytauxzoonosis is an emerging tick-borne disease of domestic and wild felids produced by infection of an apicomplexan protozoan similar to spp. Transmitted by , lone star tick, and , American dog tick, infection of in cats is severe, characterized by depression, lethargy, fever, hemolytic crisis, icterus, and possibly death. Cytauxzoonosis occurs mainly in the southern, south-central, and mid-Atlantic United States in North America, in close association with the distribution and activity of tick vectors.

The potent and selective RIPK2 inhibitor BI 706039 improves intestinal inflammation in the TRUC mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease.

Mouse and human data implicate the NOD1 and NOD2 sensors of the intestinal microbiome and the associated signal transduction via the receptor interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) as a potential key signaling node for the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and an attractive target for pharmacological intervention. The TRUC mouse model of IBD was strongly indicated for evaluating RIPK2 antagonism for its effect on intestinal inflammation based on previous knockout studies with NOD1, NOD2, and RIPK2. We identified and profiled the BI 706039 molecule as a potent and specific functional inhibitor of both human and mouse RIPK2 and with favorable pharmacokinetic properties.

Clinical and Histopathologic Features of a Feline SARS-CoV-2 Infection Model Are Analogous to Acute COVID-19 in Humans.

The emergence and ensuing dominance of COVID-19 on the world stage has emphasized the urgency of efficient animal models for the development of therapeutics for and assessment of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Shortcomings of current animal models for SARS-CoV-2 include limited lower respiratory disease, divergence from clinical COVID-19 disease, and requirements for host genetic modifications to permit infection. In this study, = 12 specific-pathogen-free domestic cats were infected intratracheally with SARS-CoV-2 to evaluate clinical disease, histopathologic lesions, and viral infection kinetics at 4 and 8 days post-inoculation; = 6 sham-inoculated cats served as controls.

Clinicopathologic features of a feline SARS-CoV-2 infection model parallel acute COVID-19 in humans.

The emergence and ensuing dominance of COVID-19 on the world stage has emphasized the urgency of efficient animal models for the development of therapeutics and assessment of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Shortcomings of current animal models for SARS-CoV-2 include limited lower respiratory disease, divergence from clinical COVID-19 disease, and requirements for host genetic modifications to permit infection. This study validates a feline model for SARS-CoV-2 infection that results in clinical disease and histopathologic lesions consistent with severe COVID-19 in humans.

A probe-based droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay for early detection of feline acute cytauxzoonosis.

Cytauxzoonosis is a tick-borne disease of domestic cats with high mortality and narrow therapeutic window, particularly in the southcentral and southeastern United States. The causative agent is the apicomplexan protozoal parasite Cytauxzoon felis and is primarily transmitted by Amblyomma americanum, the lone star tick. Currently there is no vaccine available to prevent cytauxzoonosis and treatment is often ineffective if not initiated early enough in the course of disease.

Normative Influences on Farmers' Intentions to Practice Conservation Without Compensation.

Non-source nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorous) from agriculture have created a massive hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico.

Assessing Illinois Residents' Support for Natural Recolonization of Apex Predators.

Understanding sources of difference in public attitudes toward wildlife is critical for the design of effective policy instruments. In this article we explored the role of wildlife value orientations and stakeholder group membership (general public versus agricultural producers) in shaping residents support for the natural recolonization of apex predators (black bear, cougar, gray wolf), in Illinois, USA. Results demonstrate differences in attitudes toward recolonization as a function of residents' basic beliefs about the human-wildlife relationship and stakeholder group membership.

Effects of Low-level Brodifacoum Exposure on the Feline Immune Response.

Anticoagulant rodenticides have been implicated as a potential inciting factor in the development of mange in wild felids, but a causative association between anticoagulant rodenticide exposure and immune suppression has not been established. Specific-pathogen-free domestic cats were exposed to brodifacoum over a 6-week period to determine whether chronic, low-level exposure altered the feline immune response. Cats were vaccinated with irrelevant antigens at different points during the course of the experiment to assess recall and direct immune responses.

Classification and clinical features in 88 cases of equine cutaneous lymphoma.

Equine cutaneous lymphoma is an uncommon disease that can present with variable clinical signs, immunosuppression, and rapid systemic disease progression. Various subtypes of equine lymphoma have been described and classified according to a veterinary adaptation of the World Health Organization classification system, but little data is available regarding the association between lymphoma subtypes and epidemiological criteria and/or clinical outcome. The objective of the current study was to classify previously diagnosed cases of equine cutaneous lymphoma and correlate subtypes with clinical data to investigate epidemiological trends and prognostic implications.