Understanding capabilities, opportunities and motivations to engage in physical activity for adults with intellectual disabilities: A qualitative evidence synthesis.

Background: There is a paucity of theory-informed physical activity research with adults with intellectual disabilities. This study aimed to address this by synthesising existing literature and applying the COM-B model to understand capabilities, opportunities and motivations.

Methods: A qualitative evidence synthesis was conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and the ENTREQ.

Exploring the relationship between sleep and aggression in adolescents: A cross sectional study using the UK Millennium cohort study.

This study aimed to establish if a significant relationship exists between sleep and aggression in a large representative adolescent cohort and explores the impact of potential confounders. This cross-sectional secondary data analysis included 10,866 males and females aged 13-15 years, from the UK-based 2015 Millenium Cohort Study (sixth sweep). Independent variables included self-report measures of sleep duration and quality.

Associations between motor competence and physical activity levels of children with intellectual disabilities and/or autism spectrum disorder: Movement matters.

Motor competence is important for lifelong physical activity (PA). The current study aimed to examine associations between PA and motor competence. In total, 43 children aged 7-12 years with intellectual disabilities and/or autism spectrum disorder completed anthropometric measures, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2, and wore a wrist accelerometer to capture total PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), average acceleration, and intensity gradient.

Motor competence assessments for children with intellectual disabilities and/or autism: a systematic review.

Objective: Gross motor competence is essential for daily life functioning and participation in physical activities. Prevalence of gross motor competence in children with intellectual disabilities (ID) and/or autism is unclear. This systematic review aimed to identify appropriate assessments for children with ID and/or autism.

Exploring parents' experiences of promoting physical activity for their child with intellectual disabilities.

Introduction: Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities participate in low levels of physical activity and have a greater reliance on their parents to provide activity opportunities. This study explored parents' experiences of promoting physical activity for their child with intellectual disabilities.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight parents of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities.

Cultural adaptation of self-management of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia (qualitative study).

Background: Saudi Arabia is continuously working on developing its health care system, however with the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, self-management education programmes are essential. As part of a planned series of studies to develop a culturally sensitive type 2 diabetes self-management programme, this study explores the need versus barriers and facilitators relevant to implementing a national programme for type 2 diabetes self-management education within the community and health care system in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A qualitative methodology was used to explore the views of a multidisciplinary group of diabetes health professionals and adult patients with type 2 diabetes.

Correlates of type 2 diabetes and glycaemic control in adults in Saudi Arabia a secondary data analysis of the Saudi health interview survey.

Background: There is evidence that type 2 diabetes self-management programmes may have a positive impact on health outcomes of adults living in Gulf countries. However, none of the programmes evaluated were developed using evidence about the specific needs of adults with Type 2 diabetes living in the Gulf countries. This study is part of a wider programme of research, which uses a cultural adaptation framework to generate information on how to tailor type 2 diabetes self-management to the Saudi context.

Gender differences in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Adults with intellectual disabilities are reported to be highly inactive, with research required to understand contributory factors. This systematic review aimed to investigate gender differences in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Methods: This systematic review was reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Patterns of objectively measured sedentary behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns of objectively measured sedentary behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Methods: Baseline accelerometer data were pooled from two randomized controlled trials of lifestyle behaviour change programmes for adults with intellectual disabilities. Patterns of sedentary behaviours were computed including total volume, number, and duration of bouts and breaks.

Correlates of Sedentary Behaviour in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities-A Systematic Review.

Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at high risk for high levels of sedentary behaviour. To inform the development of programmes to reduce sedentary behaviour, insight into the correlates is needed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the evidence on correlates of sedentary behaviour in adults with ID.

Systematic review: cultural adaptation and feasibility of screening for autism in non-English speaking countries.

Background: Screening children for autism has gained wider acceptance within clinical practice, and early intervention has improved outcomes. Increasingly, adapting an existing screening instrument is a common, fast method to create a usable screening tool, especially for countries with limited resources and/or expertise. However, concerns have been raised regarding adaptation adequacy and the feasibility of screening across cultural groups.

Effects of lifestyle change interventions for people with intellectual disabilities: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Promotion of a healthy lifestyle for people with intellectual disabilities is important; however, the effectiveness of lifestyle change interventions is unclear.

Aims: This research will examine the effectiveness of lifestyle change interventions for people with intellectual disabilities.

Methods And Procedures: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of lifestyle change interventions for people with intellectual disabilities were included in a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Correlates of objectively measured sedentary time in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Sedentary behaviour is an independent risk factor for adverse health conditions. Adults with intellectual disabilities spend a high proportion of their day engaged in sedentary behaviour, however, there is limited evidence on potential correlates of objectively measured sedentary behaviour in this population group. In Glasgow, UK from July to September 2017, a secondary analysis of pooled baseline accelerometer data from two randomised controlled trials of lifestyle behaviour change programmes was conducted.

Parental perceptions of facilitators and barriers to physical activity for children with intellectual disabilities: A mixed methods systematic review.

Background: There is a need increase our understanding of what factors affect physical activity participation in children with intellectual disabilities (ID) and develop effective methods to overcome barriers and increase activity levels.

Aim: This study aimed to systematically review parental perceptions of facilitators and barriers to physical activity for children with ID.

Methods: A systematic search of Embase, Medline, ERIC, Web of Science, and PsycINFO was conducted (up to and including August, 2017) to identify relevant papers.

Self-management of type 2 diabetes in gulf cooperation council countries: A systematic review.

Aims: This study aimed to systematically review intervention studies on self-management of type 2 diabetes in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries to determine the most effective self-management strategies for individuals with type 2 diabetes in this region.

Methods: A search strategy was developed using multiple databases: Medline and Embase (via Ovid), CINAHL (via EBSCO), and PubMed. Study and intervention characteristics, intervention structure, content, cultural adaptation, and outcomes were extracted from the included studies.

Use of behaviour change techniques in lifestyle change interventions for people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review.

Background: People with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience more health problems and have different lifestyle change needs, compared with the general population.

Aims: To improve lifestyle change interventions for people with ID, this review examined how behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were applied in interventions aimed at physical activity, nutrition or physical activity and nutrition, and described their quality.

Methods And Procedures: After a broad search and detailed selection process, 45 studies were included in the review.

Definitions, measurement and prevalence of sedentary behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities - A systematic review.

Supporting positive change in lifestyle behaviours is a priority in tackling the health inequalities experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities. In this systematic review, we examine the evidence on the definition, measurement and epidemiology of sedentary behaviour of adults with intellectual disabilities. A systematic literature search of PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Google Scholar was performed to identify studies published from 1990 up to October 2015.

A qualitative exploration of participants' experiences of taking part in a walking programme: Perceived benefits, barriers, choices and use of intervention resources.

Background: Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience significant inequalities and tend to be more sedentary and less physically active than the wider population. Walking programmes are an effective way to increase physical activity (PA) but have not been used in studies involving adults with intellectual disabilities.

Method: Nineteen adults with intellectual disabilities participated in semistructured interviews or focus groups exploring their experiences of taking part in a walking programme (Walk Well).

Calibration and Cross-Validation of the ActiGraph wGT3X+ Accelerometer for the Estimation of Physical Activity Intensity in Children with Intellectual Disabilities.

Background: Valid objective measurement is integral to increasing our understanding of physical activity and sedentary behaviours. However, no population-specific cut points have been calibrated for children with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to calibrate and cross-validate the first population-specific accelerometer intensity cut points for children with intellectual disabilities.

Problem behaviours and symptom dimensions of psychiatric disorders in adults with intellectual disabilities: An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Background: The limited evidence on the relationship between problem behaviours and symptoms of psychiatric disorders experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities leads to conflict about diagnostic criteria and confused treatment. This study examined the relationship between problem behaviours and other psychopathology, and compared the predictive validity of dimensional and categorical models experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities.

Methods: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses appropriate for non-continuous data were used to derive, and validate, symptom dimensions using two clinical datasets (n=457; n=274).

Effectiveness of a walking programme to support adults with intellectual disabilities to increase physical activity: walk well cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Background: Programs to change health behaviours have been identified as one way to reduce health inequalities experienced by disadvantaged groups. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a behaviour change programme to increase walking and reduce sedentary behaviour of adults with intellectual disabilities.

Methods: We used a cluster randomised controlled design and recruited participants over 18 years old and not regularly involved in physical activity from intellectual disabilities community-based organisations.

Practice nurse health checks for adults with intellectual disabilities: a cluster-design, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Adults with intellectual disabilities have substantial health inequalities and poor access to health care. We assessed whether practice nurse-delivered health checks could improve the health of adults with intellectual disabilities compared with standard care.

Methods: In this cluster-design, single-blind, randomised controlled trial, we included general practices in Scotland, UK.

Feasibility of a laboratory-based accelerometer calibration protocol for children with intellectual disabilities.

Background: Accelerometry has not been calibrated for the estimation of physical activity in children with intellectual disabilities (ID), raising questions regarding the validity of interpreting accelerometer data in this population. Various protocols and criterion measures have been used in calibration studies involving typically developing (TD) children; however, the suitability of these activities and measures for children with ID is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to test the feasibility of a laboratory-based calibration protocol for children with ID.

The Effectiveness of a Weight Maintenance Intervention for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities and Obesity: A Single Stranded Study.

Background: The evidence base for weight management programmes incorporating a weight loss and a weight maintenance phase for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) is limited. This study describes the weight maintenance phase of a multicomponent weight management programme for adults with intellectual disability and obesity (TAKE 5).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-one participants who had completed the 16 week TAKE five weight loss intervention (Phase I) were invited to participate in a 12 month weight maintenance intervention (Phase II).

Accelerometer use during field-based physical activity research in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review.

Many methodological questions and issues surround the use of accelerometers as a measure of physical activity during field-based research. To ensure overall research quality and the accuracy of results, methodological decisions should be based on study research questions. This paper aims to systematically review accelerometer use during field-based research in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities.