Histone Deacetylase Inhibition by Gut Microbe-Generated Short-Chain Fatty Acids Entrains Intestinal Epithelial Circadian Rhythms.

Background & Aims: The circadian clock orchestrates ∼24-hour oscillations of gastrointestinal epithelial structure and function that drive diurnal rhythms in gut microbiota. Here, we use experimental and computational approaches in intestinal organoids to reveal reciprocal effects of gut microbial metabolites on epithelial timekeeping by an epigenetic mechanism.

Methods: We cultured enteroids in media supplemented with sterile supernatants from the altered Schaedler Flora (ASF), a defined murine microbiota.

Aggressive hepatic angiomyolipoma in a child.

Angiomyolipoma is a tumor of the kidney and, more rarely, the liver, which histologically consists of smooth muscle cells, adipose cells, and abnormal blood vessels in varying proportions. This tumor is generally benign and resection is curative, but here the authors present the case of a 14-year-old girl with an unusual primary hepatic angiomyolipoma that recurred following resection and behaved aggressively. Despite stabilization with a number of novel therapies, the child ultimately died of progressive disease.