Lack of assent to dental examination in children with intellectual disabilities: Dentists' practices in Europe and ethical issues.

Aim: (1) To determine the repartition of criteria which can be considered as marks of lack of assent by the child with intellectual disabilities from the dentist's point of view and whether that influences the decision to examine the patient or not. (2) To explain the decision of practitioners and determine the ethical implications of these practices.

Methods: An anonymous and structured questionnaire was distributed online using the scenario of a 9-year-old child with moderate cognitive impairment with eight different oppositional behaviours.

Continuous Deep Sedation Until Death of Children at the End of Life: French Physicians' Opinions.

To evaluate physicians' opinions concerning continuous deep sedation until death (CDSUD) and implementation of Claeys-Leonetti; a law intended to be applicable to all patients, but without a specific framework for children thus giving rise to ethically and legally complex situations. The secondary objective was to identify if physicians' characteristics could influence their opinions. This was a national, multicenter, noninterventional cross-sectional survey from January 30, 2020, until March 1, 2020.

[Ethical issues surrounding death in pre-hospital medicine].

Mobile emergency and resuscitation teams are confronted with death on a daily basis. In the home, the management of a death is complex. It raises ethical questions and sometimes destabilizes personal or collective values.

Position: A study protocol for the prevention of fall injuries in french special forces selection courses using a body-centered intervention.

Introduction: The Military Physical and Sports Training program was developed by the French Army in order to train, optimize, and maintain individual readiness. Although the health benefits of sport practice do not need to be demonstrated, such activities can cause acute musculoskeletal injuries that need to be addressed. The prevalence of lower limb injury is rather high in the French military population and, in particular, ranges from 15 to 45% during Special Forces selection courses.

Towards a Better Use of Antimicrobials on Farms: Insights from a Participatory Approach in the French Pig and Poultry Sectors.

Despite the strong decrease in antimicrobial use in the French poultry and pig sectors over the last decade, room for improvement remains. A participatory approach was set up in France, involving representatives of veterinarians, the pig and poultry industries, technical institutes, the French Ministry of Agriculture, and researchers, to further improve how antimicrobials are used on farms. By successively defining a shared, long-term vision of future antimicrobial use on farms, identifying lock-in mechanisms impeding this future vision from being realized, and articulating practical questions on how to move in the desired direction, the group rapidly reached a consensus.

[Perception of medication risk by the public and role of the media].

Opinion polls regularly show that the vast majority of French people have a positive perception of the efficacy and safety of using medicines, including vaccines. Distrust or hostility towards them is only the fact of a small minority of the population, but active and noisy on social networks and overvalued by the media and public authorities. However, the pandemic due to Covid 19 (SARS-CoV-2) has confirmed to what extent the perception of drug risk by the public is unstable, sometimes irrational, how many and complex the determinants of this perception are and what role as a public resonance, fears play out in the media.

[Not Available].

Introduction: Few studies have been conducted on the role and position of dental surgeons in prisons. Interestingly though, dental surgeons perform in a peculiar working environment, since the organizations are divided into two administrative structures: penitentiary and hospital administrations. Stakeholders’ perceptions of both the current oral healthcare organization in prisons and the interactions between prison and hospital administrations’ professionals will be at the core of this study.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Global Burden.

The map and global disease burden of chronic liver diseases are markedly changing, with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) becoming the most common cause of liver diseases coinciding with the current epidemics of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Understanding the incidence and prevalence of NAFLD is critical because of its linkage to a significant economic burden of hospitalization and changing patterns in consequences, such as liver transplantation. Moreover, the long-term average health care expenses of NAFLD patients have exceeded those of other liver diseases.

Perception, Beliefs, and Attitudes Regarding Sedation Practices among Palliative Care Nurses and Physicians: A Qualitative Study.

Palliative care teams face complex medical situations on a daily basis. These situations require joint reflection and decision making to propose appropriate patient care. Sometimes, sedation is one of the options to be considered.

New ethical challenges in the management of rare pediatric diseases with innovative therapies.

Introduction: Rare diseases, despite their low individual prevalence, affect a large number of children. Their management has considerably improved recently due to new treatments, modifying the diseases evolution without being totally curative. Since this raises many ethical dilemmas, we present a study about respecting the principles of medical ethics in the management of rare diseases in pediatrics.

Surgical treatments of atraumatic avascular necrosis of the shoulder.

Humeral head atraumatic avascular necrosis is a rare diagnosis. It concerns young patients with a high functional demand. The treatments are mostly surgical.

Poor results after pyrocarbon interpositional shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: This study aimed to describe the clinical outcomes and complications of 10 cases of pyrocarbon interposition shoulder arthroplasty (PISA).

Methods: The clinical and radiographic records of 10 patients who underwent PISA using the InSpyre shoulder prosthesis (Tornier-Wright) between July 2012 and March 2017 were reviewed. The mean age at surgery was 55 years.

An efficient cephalosporin stewardship programme in French swine production.

By 2010, systems set up to monitor the antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial usage identified a sustained increase regarding third- and fourth-generation cephalosporin resistance in French pig production. This sector mobilised and collectively committed to responsible action in the following months. This led to a multi-professional voluntary stewardship programme that was started in 2011.

Trends in Antibiotic Consumption and Resistance in France Over 20 Years: Large and Continuous Efforts but Contrasting Results.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to humanity. This paper describes the French efforts made since 2001 and presents data on antimicrobial consumption (AC) and AMR.

Methods: We gathered all data on AC and AMR recorded since 2001 from different national agencies, transferred on a regular basis to standardized European data on AC and resistance in both humans and animals.

Inequalities in treatment planning for children with intellectual disabilities: A questionnaire study of dentists in Europe.

Background: Children with intellectual disabilities experience major inequality in the field of oral health, including a higher number of extracted teeth. The literature explains this difference in terms of higher levels of dental disease but does not mention the possibility of inequality in the treatment options offered these children.

Aim: The aim is to investigate whether the same treatment options are offered by practitioners to children with and without intellectual disability in equivalent clinical circumstances.

Symptoms of anxiety and depression in relatives after decisions of withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatments in emergency departments.

Objective: The aim of our study was to assess anxiety and depression in patients' relatives after a decision of withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatments.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational multicenter study in three university hospitals' emergency departments. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was assessed on the relatives of patients admitted in emergency departments 3 days and 21 days after the decision of withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments.