Challenging the philosophy of partnership with parents: a grounded theory study.

Background: Parent participation is viewed as a pivotal concept to the provision of high quality nursing care for children and their families. Since the 1990's, the term 'partnership with parents' has increasingly been reported in the literature and adopted as a philosophy of care in most paediatric units in the United Kingdom.

Objectives: To explore children's, parents', and nurses' views on participation in care in the healthcare setting.

X-point collapse and saturation in the nonlinear tearing mode reconnection.

We study the nonlinear evolution of the resistive tearing mode in slab geometry in two dimensions. We show that, in the strongly driven regime (large delta'), a collapse of the X point occurs once the island width exceeds a certain critical value approximately 1/delta'. A current sheet is formed and the reconnection is exponential in time with a growth rate proportional eta(1/2), where eta is the resistivity.

Service configuration and quality of Irish public health nursing.

This paper presents findings from a national study of the Irish public health nursing service and focuses, in particular, on issues relating to service configuration. The findings are drawn mainly from a national questionnaire of public health nurses (PHNs) working with families with infants (n=613; response rate 54 per cent) and the data were gathered in 1999/2000. The average ratio of public health nurse (PHN) to population size was found to be 1:3997 with a range between 500 and 16,500.

Sexual health work in a playground: lessons learnt from the evaluation of a small-scale sexual health project.

Objective: To evaluate a sexual health outreach programme in an adventure playground.

Design: A qualitative approach to evaluation is appropriate for a sexual health project where outcomes are unpredictable, difficult to define in numerical terms and the small scale of the intervention means that an impact on indices such as teenage pregnancy rates is unlikely. The data collection techniques used were the outreach worker's diary, questionnaires and interviews with youth workers, and a focus group with young people.

Evaluating family partnership training in health visitor practice.

The second paper in this series of two on partnership examines the effects of family partnership (parent adviser) training which builds on health visitors' skills to facilitate partnership working with parents. This study was utilised as a pilot to identify a suitable method, to explore the interaction processes of health visitors who had undergone the training. The study draws together both quantitative and qualitative methods to seek to understand processes in depth.

The mSin3A chromatin-modifying complex is essential for embryogenesis and T-cell development.

The corepressor mSin3A is the core component of a chromatin-modifying complex that is recruited by multiple gene-specific transcriptional repressors. In order to understand the role of mSin3A during development, we generated constitutive germ line as well as conditional msin3A deletions. msin3A deletion in the developing mouse embryo results in lethality at the postimplantation stage, demonstrating that it is an essential gene.

CD4-CD8- T cells control intracellular bacterial infections both in vitro and in vivo.

Memory T cells, including the well-known CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, are central components of the acquired immune system and are the basis for successful vaccination. After infection, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expand into effector cells, and then differentiate into long-lived memory cells. We show that a rare population of CD4(-)CD8(-)CD3(+)alphabeta(+)gammadelta(-)NK1.

A concept analysis of partnership with clients.

The aim of this first paper of two about partnership working with clients is to define and clarify partnership as it is practised within health visiting, by identifying the central notions of partnership working in practice. The aim of the second paper will be to describe an evaluation of a training course in partnership working for health visitors. Partnership is a word in common usage within the health professions but its meaning is ill-defined.

Cassini magnetometer observations during Saturn orbit insertion.

Cassini's successful orbit insertion has provided the first examination of Saturn's magnetosphere in 23 years, revealing a dynamic plasma and magnetic environment on short and long time scales. There has been no noticeable change in the internal magnetic field, either in its strength or its near-alignment with the rotation axis. However, the external magnetic field is different compared with past spacecraft observations.

Morphological differences between Saturn's ultraviolet aurorae and those of Earth and Jupiter.

It has often been stated that Saturn's magnetosphere and aurorae are intermediate between those of Earth, where the dominant processes are solar wind driven, and those of Jupiter, where processes are driven by a large source of internal plasma. But this view is based on information about Saturn that is far inferior to what is now available. Here we report ultraviolet images of Saturn, which, when combined with simultaneous Cassini measurements of the solar wind and Saturn kilometric radio emission, demonstrate that its aurorae differ morphologically from those of both Earth and Jupiter.

Diffusion of passive scalar in a finite-scale random flow.

We consider a solvable model of the decay of scalar variance in a single-scale random velocity field. We show that if there is a separation between the flow scale k(-1 )(flow ) and the box size k(-1 )(box ) , the decay rate lambda proportional, variant ( k(box) / k(flow) )(2) is determined by the turbulent diffusion of the box-scale mode. Exponential decay at the rate lambda is preceded by a transient powerlike decay (the total scalar variance approximately t(-5/2) if the Corrsin invariant is zero, t(-3/2) otherwise) that lasts a time t approximately 1/lambda .

A Francisella tularensis pathogenicity island required for intramacrophage growth.

Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the highly infectious zoonotic disease tularemia. We have discovered a ca. 30-kb pathogenicity island of F.

An application of the mini review to a complex methodological question: how best to research public health nursing and service quality?

This paper describes a mini review which enabled the identification of a suitable methodology to undertake a study about quality in the public health nursing in the Republic of Ireland. Reviews of literature increasingly adopt the methods of systematic review. In general, these methods have been developed to answer clearly focussed clinical questions.

The guideline contradiction: health visitors' use of formal guidelines for identifying and assessing families in need.

The aim of this paper is to examine health visitors' use of formal guidelines in identifying health needs and prioritizing families requiring extra health visiting support. With the increasing emphasis on targeted health visiting, a case study was used to explore the extent to which health visitors in three case sites use needs assessment guidelines in the assessment of family health need. The findings indicate how the presence of core visiting protocols hints at elements of control by managers, leading to conflicts in the relationship between professional judgements and official guidelines.

Structuring health needs assessments: the medicalisation of health visiting.

This paper draws on Foucault to understand the changing discourse and impact of structured 'health needs assessments' on health visiting practice. Literature about this activity makes little mention of the long-standing social purposes of health visiting, which include surveillance of vulnerable and invisible populations, providing them, where needed, with help and support to access protective and supportive services. Instead, the discourse has been concerned primarily with an epidemiological focus and public health, which is associated with risk factors and assessments.

Spatial and temporal structure of edge-localized modes.

This Letter provides information on the spatial and temporal structure of periodic eruptions observed in magnetically confined laboratory fusion plasmas, called edge-localized modes (ELMs), and highlights similarities with solar eruptions. Taken together, the observations presented in this Letter provide strong evidence for ELMs being associated with a filamentlike structure. These filaments are extended along a field line, are generated on a 100 micros time scale, erupt from the outboard side, and connect back into the plasma.

HBP1 and Mad1 repressors bind the Sin3 corepressor PAH2 domain with opposite helical orientations.

Recruitment of the histone deacetylase (HDAC)-associated Sin3 corepressor is an obligatory step in many eukaryotic gene silencing pathways. Here we show that HBP1, a cell cycle inhibitor and regulator of differentiation, represses transcription in a HDAC/Sin3-dependent manner by targeting the mammalian Sin3A (mSin3A) PAH2 domain. HBP1 is unrelated to the Mad1 repressor for which high-resolution structures in complex with PAH2 have been described.

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein serine/threonine kinase PknG is linked to cellular glutamate/glutamine levels and is important for growth in vivo.

The function of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis eukaryotic-like protein serine/threonine kinase PknG was investigated by gene knock-out and by expression and biochemical analysis. The pknG gene (Rv0410c), when cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, encodes a functional kinase. An in vitro kinase assay of the recombinant protein demonstrated that PknG can autophosphorylate its kinase domain as well as its 30 kDa C-terminal portion, which contains a tetratricopeptide (TPR) structural signalling motif.

Theory for explosive ideal magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in plasmas.

Flux tubes confined in tokamaks are observed to erupt explosively in some plasma disruptions and edge localized modes. Similar eruptions occur in astrophysical plasmas, for example, in solar flares and magnetospheric substorms. A single unifying nonlinear evolution equation describing such behavior in both astrophysical and tokamak plasmas is derived.

Woundcare Research for Appropriate Products (WRAP): validation of the TELER method involving users.

Woundcare Research for Appropriate Products (WRAP) is a novel collaboration WRAP between industry and clinicians, funded by the Engineering and Physical Research Sciences Council. WRAP objectives included the development and testing of methodologies to identify patients' and clinicians' needs with respect to wound dressings for exudate management. The management of exudate was the focus because it was demonstrated to be the pivotal problem for patients and clinicians in a study of malignant wounds, and is a recurring problem in other wound types.

The wound dressing supply chain within England's National Health Service: unravelling the context for users.

Aim: To explore the representation of user needs (nurses and patients, both individuals and groups) at the industrial (wound dressing manufacture) and National Health Service interface.

Main Issues: The wound dressing supply chain is outlined, tracking organizational changes. The methods that are used to transfer user information between industries that produce dressings and those using the products are reviewed in terms of their ability to communicate what users need from dressings.

Functional analysis of the Mad1-mSin3A repressor-corepressor interaction reveals determinants of specificity, affinity, and transcriptional response.

The recruitment of corepressors by DNA-bound repressors is likely to be a critical rate-limiting step in the transcriptional regulation of many genes. An excellent paradigm for such an interaction is the association of the basic helix-loop-helix zipper protein Mad1 with the corepressor mSin3A. When bound together, the Sin3 interaction domain (SID) of Mad1 forms extensive hydrophobic contacts with the four-helix bundle formed by the paired amphipathic helix 2 (PAH2) domain of mSin3A.

Critical magnetic Prandtl number for small-scale dynamo.

We report a series of numerical simulations showing that the critical magnetic Reynolds number Rm(c) for the nonhelical small-scale dynamo depends on the Reynolds number Re. Namely, the dynamo is shut down if the magnetic Prandtl number Pr(m)=Rm/Re is less than some critical value Pr(m,c)< approximately 1 even for Rm for which dynamo exists at Pr(m)> or =1. We argue that, in the limit of Re-->infinity, a finite Pr(m,c) may exist.