Marine predators segregate interspecifically by space and time in a sheltered coastal bay.

Marine predators are vital to the healthy functioning of coastal ecosystems, but to understand their roles, it is necessary to elucidate their movement ecology, particularly in relation to one another. A decade's worth of acoustic telemetry data (2011-2020) from Algoa Bay, South Africa, was investigated to determine how two mesopredatory species (teleosts: dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus, n = 11, and leervis Lichia amia, n = 16) and two top predatory species (sharks: ragged-tooth sharks Carcharias taurus, n = 45, and white sharks Carcharodon carcharias, n = 31) used and shared this bay ecosystem. Multi-annual seasonal fidelity to the bay was exhibited by all species, but differences in residency were observed among species.

Diamond Gymnura natalensis and duckbill Aetomylaeus bovinus rays undertake nationwide coastal migrations.

Migration is a critical aspect of ocean ecosystems, and understanding this phenomenon answers ecological and management questions. Given the difficulty in tracking ocean animals across large distances, the extent to which different ray species perform long-distance movements, such as migrations, remains unknown. This study used passive acoustic telemetry to track the movements of endemic diamond Gymnura natalensis and critically endangered duckbill Aetomylaeus bovinus rays along the South African coastline using a collaborative nationwide network of coastal acoustic receivers for up to 7 years.

Key Learnings from the Development and Early Use of Global Guidance on the Integration of COVID-19 Vaccination into Broader Health Systems.

More than 13.5 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses were delivered between 2021 and 2023 through a mix of delivery platforms, with mass vaccination campaigns being the main approach. In 2022, with the continued circulation of SARS-CoV2 and the need for periodic boosters being most likely, countries were required to plan for more sustainable approaches to provide COVID-19 vaccinations.

Real-world evaluation of Brainomix e-Stroke software.

Background And Purpose: Brainomix e-Stroke is an artificial intelligence-based decision support tool that aids the interpretation of CT imaging in the context of acute stroke. While e-Stroke has the potential to improve the speed and accuracy of diagnosis, real-world validation is essential. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the performance of Brainomix e-Stroke in an unselected cohort of patients with suspected acute ischaemic stroke.

Estimating the delivery costs of COVID-19 vaccination using the COVID-19 Vaccine Introduction and deployment Costing (CVIC) tool: the Lao People's Democratic Republic experience.

Background: The COVID-19 Vaccine Introduction and deployment Costing (CVIC) tool was developed to assist countries to estimate incremental financial costs to roll out COVID-19 vaccines. This article describes the purposes, assumptions and methods used in the CVIC tool and presents the estimated financial costs of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR).

Methods: From March to September 2021, a multidisciplinary team in Lao PDR was involved in the costing exercise of the National Deployment and Vaccination Plan for COVID-19 vaccines to develop potential scenarios and gather inputs using the CVIC tool.

Context drives movement patterns in a mobile marine predator.

Intra-specific variability in movement behaviour occurs in all major taxonomic groups. Despite its common occurrence and ecological consequences, individual variability is often overlooked. As a result, there is a persistent gap in knowledge about drivers of intra-specific variability in movement and its role in fulfilling life history requirements.

ICP during head movement: significance of the venous system.

Background: It is thought that the internal jugular veins (IJV) are the primary route for cranial venous outflow in supine position and the vertebral venous plexus when upright. Previous studies have noted a greater increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) when subjects turn their head in one direction compared to the other, but no clear cause had been investigated. We hypothesised that in the supine position, head turning and consequently obstructing the IJV draining the dominant transverse sinus (TVS) would lead to a greater rise in ICP compared to turning to the non-dominant side.

The fate and movements of aquarium-released giant trevally Caranx ignobilis inferred from acoustic telemetry.

Movements of four adult giant trevally Caranx ignobilis were tracked using passive acoustic telemetry after being released from uShaka Sea World Aquarium in Durban, South Africa, where they had been kept on display for a period of 8 years. All four individuals were detected on a large network of deployed acoustic receivers for a minimum of 3 months to a maximum of over 6 years. Their movements were compared to 43 wild-caught and tagged C.

Consumption and tax gains attributable to Covid-19 vaccinations in 12 EU countries with low vaccination rates.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic is an economic and a health crisis. Households reduced consumption expenditures as large-scale physical distancing measures, lower disposable incomes and fear of infection when engaging in many types of economic activity took hold. This, in turn, reduced domestic tax revenues at a time when governments were facing increased financial pressures to strengthen and sustain welfare states.

Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology.

Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species.

Classical infratentorial superficial siderosis of the central nervous system: pathophysiology, clinical features and management.

The term superficial siderosis (SS) is derived from the Greek word 'sideros', meaning iron. It includes two subtypes, distinguished by their anatomical distribution, causes and clinical features: 'classical' infratentorial SS (iSS, which sometimes also affects supratentorial regions) and cortical SS (cSS, which affects only supratentorial regions). This paper considers iSS, a potentially disabling disorder usually associated with very slow persistent or intermittent subarachnoid bleeding from a dural defect, and characterised by progressive hearing and vestibular impairment, ataxia, myelopathy and cognitive dysfunction.

Targeted detection and repair of a spinal dural defect associated with successful biochemical resolution of subarachnoid bleeding in classical infratentorial superficial siderosis.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE  : Classical infratentorial superficial siderosis (iSS) is characterised by repeated insidious bleeding into the subarachnoid space, leading to haemosiderin deposition within the subpial layers of the brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord, sometimes with supratentorial involvement. Although nearly always associated with a dural defect (usually from previous trauma or neurosurgery) there is little evidence to support definitive investigation and management strategies. Here, we present a novel investigation strategy to identify a dural defect and subsequent successful surgical repair with biochemical resolution of subarachnoid bleeding.

How precise is PreSize Neurovascular? Accuracy evaluation of flow diverter deployed-length prediction.

Objective: The use of flow-diverting stents has been increasingly important in intracranial aneurysm treatment. However, accurate sizing and landing zone prediction remain challenging. Inaccurate sizing can lead to suboptimal deployment, device waste, and complications.

Global trends in aquatic animal tracking with acoustic telemetry.

Acoustic telemetry (AT) is a rapidly evolving technique used to track the movements of aquatic animals. As the capacity of AT research expands it is important to optimize its relevance to management while still pursuing key ecological questions. A global review of AT literature revealed region-specific research priorities underscoring the breadth of how AT is applied, but collectively demonstrated a lack of management-driven objectives, particularly relating to fisheries, climate change, and protection of species.

Neuropsychological and neuroimaging characteristics of classical superficial siderosis.

Objective: To define the neuropsychological and neuroimaging characteristics of classical infratentorial superficial siderosis (iSS), a rare but disabling disorder defined by hemosiderin deposition affecting the superficial layers of the cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord, usually associated with a slowly progressive neurological syndrome of deafness, ataxia and myelopathy.

Methods: We present the detailed neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings in 16 patients with iSS (mean age 57 years; 6 female).

Results: Cognitive impairment was present in 8/16 (50%) of patients: executive dysfunction was the most prevalent (44%), followed by impairment of visual recognition memory (27%); other cognitive domains were largely spared.

Case Report: Auditory Neuropathy and Central Auditory Processing Deficits in a Neuro-Otological Case-Study of Infratentorial Superficial Siderosis.

Hearing and balance impairment are the most frequently reported features of infratentorial (classical) superficial siderosis (iSS). There are few comprehensive descriptions of audiovestibular function in iSS and therefore limited understanding of the affected segment(s) of the audiovestibular pathway. In addition, monitoring disease progression and response to treatment is challenging and currently mainly guided by subjective patient reports and magnetic resonance imaging.

Economic Contraction from COVID-19 in the Pacific: Implications for Health Financing.

Pacific Island countries (PIC) have emerged as among the most at-risk globally from the collateral economic damage resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, despite being largely spared its direct health effects so far. Current projections indicate that all PIC will experience an economic contraction in 2020, ranging from -1.0% in Tuvalu to -21.

Cerebral venous thrombosis: a practical guide.

All neurologists need to be able to recognise and treat cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). It is difficult to diagnose, partly due to its relative rarity, its multiple and various clinical manifestations (different from 'conventional' stroke, and often mimicking other acute neurological conditions), and because it is often challenging to obtain and interpret optimal and timely brain imaging. Although CVT can result in death or permanent disability, it generally has a favourable prognosis if diagnosed and treated early.

Drifting along in the open-ocean: The associative behaviour of oceanic triggerfish and rainbow runner with floating objects.

Multispecies aggregations at floating objects are a common feature throughout the world's tropical and subtropical oceans. The evolutionary benefits driving this associative behaviour of pelagic fish remains unclear and information on the associative behaviour of non-tuna species remains scarce. This study investigated the associative behaviour of oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata) and rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulata), two major bycatch species in the tropical tuna purse seine fishery, at floating objects in the western Indian Ocean.

Strategic Incorporation of Polarity in Heme-Displacing Inhibitors of Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1).

Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) has emerged as a target of significant interest to the field of cancer immunotherapy, as the upregulation of IDO1 in certain cancers has been linked to host immune evasion and poor prognosis for patients. In particular, IDO1 inhibition is of interest as a combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibition. Through an Automated Ligand Identification System (ALIS) screen, a diamide class of compounds was identified as a promising lead for the inhibition of IDO1.

Safety guideline: neurological monitoring associated with obstetric neuraxial block 2020: A joint guideline by the Association of Anaesthetists and the Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association.

Serious neurological lesions such as vertebral canal haematoma are rare after obstetric regional analgesia/anaesthesia, but early detection may be crucial to avoid permanent damage. This may be hampered by the variable and sometimes prolonged recovery following 'normal' neuraxial block, such that an underlying lesion may easily be missed. These guidelines make recommendations for the monitoring of recovery from obstetric neuraxial block, and escalation should recovery be delayed or new symptoms develop, with the aim of preventing serious neurological morbidity.

Risks associated with oral deferiprone in the treatment of infratentorial superficial siderosis.

Objective: Deferiprone is an iron chelator that has recently been used to treat patients with infratentorial superficial siderosis (iSS). It is considered to have a generally favourable safety profile but concerns have been raised due to the risk of agranulocytosis. We aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of oral deferiprone as a treatment for patients with iSS.