Assessment of Craniofacial Growth Pattern Relative to Respiratory Mandibular Movement and Sleep Characteristics: A Pilot Study.

Objectives:  The primary objective was to evaluate the influence of sagittal skeletal pattern on mandibular movement (MM) during sleep in growing orthodontic populations. The secondary objective was to compare MM according to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) status.

Materials And Methods:  This cross-sectional study included subjects between 6 and 17 years old, presenting with class I, II, and III skeletal patterns and no previous history of orthodontic treatment.

Efficacy and Comfort Level with the Non-Sliding Lingual Orthodontic Technique (BRIUS™) Versus Labial Full Fixed Appliances: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

This pilot two-arm, parallel group, randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the efficacy of tooth movement and patient comfort during orthodontic leveling and alignment with the BRIUS™ lingual system (BR) versus labial full fixed appliances (LFFAs). Patients in the permanent dentition with mild to moderate crowding were recruited at the University at Buffalo and randomly assigned into the BR group (seven patients) or LFFAs group (six patients). The patients' dental arches were scanned before bonding (T1) and after 18 weeks (T2).

Comparative Studies of Bone Graft and Orthobiologics for Foot Ankle Arthrodesis: A Critical Review.

Graft materials available to supplement hindfoot and ankle arthrodesis procedures include autologous (autograft) or allogeneic bone graft (allograft) but also bone graft substitutes such as demineralized bone matrix, calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, and tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite. In addition, biologic agents, such as recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 or recombinant human platelet derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB), and preparations, including platelet-rich plasma or concentrated bone marrow aspirate, have been used to facilitate bone healing in ankle or hindfoot arthrodesis. The purpose of this review was to summarize the available clinical evidence surrounding the utilization and efficacy of the above materials and biological agents in ankle or hindfoot arthrodesis procedures, with emphasis on the quality of the existing evidence to facilitate clinical decision making.

Comparison of GUMMETAL® and stainless steel alloy during canine retraction: A pilot split-mouth randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: A TiNb alloy wire (GUMMETAL® [GM], Toyota Central R&D Labs, Inc., Nagakute, Japan) was recently developed with unique properties for orthodontic applications. This pilot split-mouth randomized controlled trial compared maxillary canine retraction during space closure using sliding mechanics on GM vs.

Association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and bone mineral density in adult orthodontic populations.

Objective: To determine the association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and predicted bone mineral density (BMD) in adults presenting for orthodontic treatment.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 38 adults divided into OSAS and non-OSAS groups. Using pre-treatment CBCT images, radiographic density (RD) of left and right lateral regions of the 1st cervical vertebrae and dens of the 2nd cervical vertebrae were measured as an indicator for BMD.

Shear Bond Strength and Bracket Base Morphology of New and Rebonded Orthodontic Ceramic Brackets.

The objectives of this study were to (1) to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of two ceramic brackets when new and when rebonded following various bracket base conditioning methods, and (2) to determine bond failure mode relative to bracket base morphology. 100 Symetri Clear (SC) and 100 Radiance Plus (RP) ceramic brackets were bonded to bovine incisors and divided into five groups: one group served as controls and four had brackets rebonded following conditioning by: no surface treatment, sealant, sandblasting, and flame then steam. SBS, adhesive remnant index, and bracket base morphology were evaluated.

Back to the Basics: A COVID-19 Surveillance Program Within a Local School District.

Background: A school district in Northern Ohio implemented a COVID-19 surveillance program from January 4 to May 21, 2021, as in-person school and extracurricular activities resumed.

Methods: Among 560 staff members and >6300 students, random weekly testing was performed on 563 students and weekly for 204 students participating in extracurricular activities, and 553 staff.

Results: Cases of COVID-19 were identified among 26 staff members and 23 students.

Efficacy of CPP-ACP fluoride varnish applied with and without acid etching in preventing enamel demineralization compared to light-curable fluoride varnish.

Objectives: To compare efficacy of casein phosphopeptide (CPP)-amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) fluoride varnish and light-curable resin modified glass ionomer fluoride varnish (FV) in preventing white spot lesions and evaluating acid etching prior to CPP-ACPFV application on its efficacy.

Materials And Methods: Molars and premolars were transected and halves divided into four groups (n = 18/group): (1) resin-modified glass ionomer FV: etched and Clinpro-XT varnish (3M ESPE, Pymble, New South Wales, Australia) application; (2) CPP-ACPFV: MI varnish (GC America, Alsip, IL) application; (3) Etch+CPP-ACPFV: etched and MI varnish application; (4) Control: etched and no surface treatment. To simulate 12 weeks in an intraoral environment, samples were subjected to thermocycling, brushing, and pH cycling.

Comparison of bleaching effects when applied to white-spot lesions before or after resin infiltration: An in vitro study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare color alterations (ΔE) of white-spot lesions (WSLs) bleached before versus after resin infiltration (RI).

Methods: Using the facial surfaces of bovine maxillary incisors, WSLs were created and the teeth were allocated into 2 groups (n = 45/group): bleach then RI (B-RI group) and RI then bleach (RI-B group). To determine ΔE, Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L∗ a∗ b∗ (L∗ represents lightness, ranging from black to white [0-100]; a∗ represents green to red chromaticity [-150-+100]; and b∗ represents blue to yellow chromaticity [-100-+150]) measurements were obtained at baseline, after WSL formation, and after RI and bleaching.

Bioinformatic analysis linking genomic defects to chemosensitivity and mechanism of action.

A joint analysis of the NCI60 small molecule screening data, their genetically defective genes, and mechanisms of action (MOA) of FDA approved cancer drugs screened in the NCI60 is proposed for identifying links between chemosensitivity, genomic defects and MOA. Self-Organizing-Maps (SOMs) are used to organize the chemosensitivity data. Student's t-tests are used to identify SOM clusters with enhanced chemosensitivity for tumor cell lines with versus without genetically defective genes.

Outcome assessment of orthodontic clear aligner vs fixed appliance treatment in a teenage population with mild malocclusions.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and efficiency of treatment in adolescents presenting with mild malocclusions, comparing outcomes using clear aligners to fixed appliances.

Materials And Methods: Patients identified retrospectively and consecutively from one private practice had been treated with either clear aligners (Invisalign, Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif) or fixed appliances (0.022 Damon, Ormco, Orange, Calif; n = 26/group).

Characterization of novel conformation-selective α-synuclein antibodies as potential immunotherapeutic agents for Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are progressive neurodegenerative diseases for which there is no disease-modifying treatment. PD and DLB are characterized by aggregation of the synaptic protein α-synuclein, and there is compelling evidence to suggest that progression of these diseases is associated with the trans-cellular spread of pathogenic α-synuclein through the brains of afflicted individuals. Therapies targeting extracellular, pathogenic α-synuclein may therefore hold promise for slowing or halting disease progression.

An in vitro comparison of ultraviolet versus white light in the detection of adhesive remnants during orthodontic debonding.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and efficiency of ultraviolet (UV) illumination compared to conventional white light in the detection of fluorescent-tagged adhesive remnants during orthodontic debonding.

Materials And Methods: Orthodontic brackets were bonded to extracted human premolars using one of two bonding resins having fluorescent properties (Pad Lock, Reliance Orthodontics, Itasca, Ill; Opal Bond MV, Opal Orthodontics, South Jordan, Utah; n = 40 each). The brackets were then debonded and, in each adhesive group, half the teeth had the remaining adhesive resin removed under illumination using the operatory light and the other half using a UV (395 nm) light emitting diode (LED) flashlight (n = 20/group).

Early Weight Gain in Infants With Cleft Lip and Palate Treated With and Without Nasoalveolar Molding: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: To assess weight gain of infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL ± P) treated with nasoalveolar molding (NAM).

Design: Retrospective, case-control chart review.

Setting: Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.

An In Vivo and Cone Beam Computed Tomography Investigation of the Accuracy in Measuring Alveolar Bone Height and Detecting Dehiscence and Fenestration Defects.

Purpose: To investigate cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) accuracy in measuring facial bone height and detecting dehiscence and fenestration defects around teeth.

Materials And Methods: Patients who were treatment planned for periodontal flap or dental implant surgeries were enrolled (n = 25). CBCT imaging (Carestream CS 9300) was obtained at 0.

Cellular milieu imparts distinct pathological α-synuclein strains in α-synucleinopathies.

In Lewy body diseases-including Parkinson's disease, without or with dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Alzheimer's disease with Lewy body co-pathology -α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates in neurons as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites . By contrast, in multiple system atrophy α-Syn accumulates mainly in oligodendrocytes as glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) . Here we report that pathological α-Syn in GCIs and Lewy bodies (GCI-α-Syn and LB-α-Syn, respectively) is conformationally and biologically distinct.

Effectiveness of high irradiance for short-time exposures on polymerization of composite under metal brackets.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different curing modes available in a dental light-curing unit on degree of conversion (DC) of a composite photoactivated under a metal orthodontic bracket.

Materials And Methods: The average irradiance and total energy delivered by three curing modes (standard, high, and extra power) of a multiwave LED unit (Valo Cordless, Ultradent Products, South Jordan, Utah) were measured using the longest time available for each mode (20, 4, and 3 seconds, respectively). Brackets (n = 3/group) were bonded to molar epoxy resin replicas using each curing mode.

A data mining approach for identifying pathway-gene biomarkers for predicting clinical outcome: A case study of erlotinib and sorafenib.

A novel data mining procedure is proposed for identifying potential pathway-gene biomarkers from preclinical drug sensitivity data for predicting clinical responses to erlotinib or sorafenib. The analysis applies linear ridge regression modeling to generate a small (N~1000) set of baseline gene expressions that jointly yield quality predictions of preclinical drug sensitivity data and clinical responses. Standard clustering of the pathway-gene combinations from gene set enrichment analysis of this initial gene set, according to their shared appearance in molecular function pathways, yields a reduced (N~300) set of potential pathway-gene biomarkers.

Preface to COAST 2016 innovators' workshop on personalized and precision orthodontic therapy.

Objective: A second focused workshop explored how to transfer novel findings into clinical orthodontic practice.

Setting And Sample Population: Participants met in West Palm Beach (Florida, USA), on 9-11 September 2016 for the Consortium for Orthodontic Advances in Science and Technology 2016 Innovators' Workshop (COAST). Approximately 65 registered attendees considered and discussed information from 27 to 34 speakers, 8 to 15 poster presenters and four lunch-hour focus group leaders.

Novel conformation-selective alpha-synuclein antibodies raised against different in vitro fibril forms show distinct patterns of Lewy pathology in Parkinson's disease.

Aims: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that different conformations of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) are present in Parkinson's disease (PD) brain.

Methods: Using two previously characterized conformations of α-syn fibrils, we generated new conformation-selective α-syn monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We then interrogated multiple brain regions in a well-characterized autopsy cohort of PD patients (n = 49) with these mAbs, Syn7015 and Syn9029.

Operative Treatment of Traumatic Hallux Valgus in Elite Athletes.

Background: Traumatic hallux valgus is an increasingly common injury in the athletic population and represents a unique variant of turf toe. Failure to appropriately recognize and treat these injuries can lead to continued pain, decreased performance, progressive deformities, and ultimately degeneration of the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint. Limited literature currently exists to assist in the diagnosis, management, and operative treatment.

Molecular and Biological Compatibility with Host Alpha-Synuclein Influences Fibril Pathogenicity.

The accumulation and propagation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-Syn) is a central feature of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. Molecular compatibility between a fibrillar seed and its native protein state is a major determinant of amyloid self-replication. We show that cross-seeded aggregation of human (Hu) and mouse (Ms) α-Syn is bidirectionally restricted.