Structural equation modeling to evaluate the adult vaccine hesitancy scale for vaccines recommended during pregnancy.

Introduction: Acceptance of recommended vaccines is lower among pregnant people compared to non-pregnant adults, yet no tool has specifically measured prenatal vaccine hesitancy. We evaluated the performance of an existing adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (aVHS) in measuring vaccine hesitancy toward routinely recommended prenatal vaccines.

Methods: Between December 2021 and April 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional national online survey with 917 US postpartum adults 18-49 years old who had given birth in the past six months.

Intervention accelerator to prevent and respond to abuse of older people: insights from key promising interventions.

Globally, abuse of older people (AOP) affects one in six individuals aged 60 years and older every year. Despite the widespread prevalence of AOP, evidence-based interventions for preventing and responding to this issue are insufficient. To address this gap, WHO proposed an initiative to accelerate the development of effective interventions for AOP across all country income levels.

Modification and validation of a vaccine hesitancy scale for adolescent COVID-19 vaccination.

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is an urgent public health threat. While tools have been developed to monitor vaccine hesitancy among parents and the general adult population, no such tool exists for adolescents.

Methods: We modified an existing adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale to create a teen COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (tVHS-COVID) for adolescents and their parents.

Involvement of Autistic Adults in Recreational Activities.

Purpose: Participation in recreational activities (RA) has a positive impact on quality of life. The involvement of autistic adults in RA has rarely been documented. This study aimed to describe the RA involvement of autistic adults with and without intellectual disability (ID), and identify potential facilitators and barriers to their participation.

Remote neurological evaluation reliably identifies patients eligible to endovascular therapy while non-eligible to intravenous thrombolysis.

Introduction/background: Early identification of suspected stroke patients who might be eligible for a reperfusion strategy is a daily challenge in the management of patient referrals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a remote medical assessment in identifying patients eligible for endovascular therapy (EVT) while not eligible for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), compared with a decision based on bedside clinico-radiological data.

Methods: Patients admitted to the emergency department for acute neurological symptoms lasting for less than 24h were prospectively included.

Proposed framework and knowledge synthesis of services delivered by specialized professionals in childcare settings: A scoping review.

Background: Services from specialized professionals in childcare settings contribute to support early childhood development. Little is known, however, about how services are delivered in this context. The aims of this scoping review were to propose a framework to describe services delivered by specialized professionals in childcare contexts and synthesize knowledge about those services.

A window into the reality of families living long term with challenging behaviours after a TBI.

Challenging behaviours are a long-term burden for people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their families. Families frequently shoulder the responsibility alone, but little is known about the strategies they use to manage these behaviours. This study aimed to 1) identify the coping strategies used by people with TBI living in the community and their family caregivers to manage challenging behaviours; and 2) describe the similarities and differences between strategies used by people with TBI and caregivers.

The heme binding protein ChuX is a regulator of heme degradation by the ChuS protein in Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 possesses an 8-gene cluster (chu genes) that contains genes involved in heme transport and processing from the human host. Among the chu genes, four encode cytoplasmic proteins (ChuS, ChuX, ChuY and ChuW). ChuX was previously shown to be a heme binding protein and to assist ChuW in heme degradation under anaerobic conditions.

Preschooler Screen Time During the Pandemic Is Prospectively Associated With Lower Achievement of Developmental Milestones.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the developmental risks associated with total screen time, and specifically newer mobile devices, in the context of the pandemic.

Methods: This study uses parent-reported data from a prospective cohort of Canadian preschool-age children. The exposure variable is child daily screen time measured at the age of 3.

[L'impossible quête des préposées aux bénéficiaires pour actualiser la bientraitance visée dans les politiques publiques du Québec.The impossible quest of health care aides to actualize the good treatment targeted in Quebec's public policies.].

Notre recherche visait à mettre en lumière les pratiques bientraitantes des préposées aux bénéficiaires en milieux d'hébergement pour aînés au Québec. L'objet de l'article est de faire ressortir la dichotomie entre les définitions de la bientraitance et son opérationnalisation. Dans la première partie, la notion de bientraitance dans le cadre de deux politiques gouvernementales québécoises est présentée.

Codevelopment and Deployment of a System for the Telemonitoring of Activities of Daily Living Among Older Adults Receiving Home Care Services: Protocol for an Action Design Research Study.

Background: Telemonitoring of activities of daily living (ADLs) offers significant potential for gaining a deeper insight into the home care needs of older adults experiencing cognitive decline, particularly those living alone. In 2016, our team and a health care institution in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, sought to test this technology to enhance the support provided by home care clinical teams for older adults residing alone and facing cognitive deficits. The Support for Seniors' Autonomy program (SAPA [Soutien à l'autonomie des personnes âgées]) project was initiated within this context, embracing an innovative research approach that combines action research and design science.

Problem-solving skills are predicted by technical innovations in the wild and brain size in passerines.

Behavioural innovations can provide key advantages for animals in the wild, especially when ecological conditions change rapidly and unexpectedly. Innovation rates can be compared across taxa by compiling field reports of novel behaviours. Large-scale analyses have shown that innovativeness reduces extinction risk, increases colonization success and is associated with increased brain size and pallial neuron numbers.

Enhancing Human Activity Recognition in Smart Homes with Self-Supervised Learning and Self-Attention.

Deep learning models have gained prominence in human activity recognition using ambient sensors, particularly for telemonitoring older adults' daily activities in real-world scenarios. However, collecting large volumes of annotated sensor data presents a formidable challenge, given the time-consuming and costly nature of traditional manual annotation methods, especially for extensive projects. In response to this challenge, we propose a novel AttCLHAR model rooted in the self-supervised learning framework SimCLR and augmented with a self-attention mechanism.

COOK technology to support meal preparation following a severe traumatic brain injury: a usability mixed-methods single-case study in a real-world environment.

Introduction: Following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), meal preparation may become challenging as it involves multiple cognitive abilities and sub-tasks. To support this population, the Cognitive Orthosis for coOKing (COOK) was developed in partnership with an alternative residential resource for people with severe TBI. However, little is known about the usability of this technology to support people with TBI living in their own homes.

Cognitive assistance to support individuals with traumatic brain injury using a minimal and personalised approach: A conversion mixed methods study using video analysis.

Introduction: Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently need assistance to manage complex everyday activities. However, little is known about the types of cognitive assistance that can be used to facilitate optimal independence. A conversion mixed method study using video analysis was conducted to describe assistance provided by trained occupational therapists during three everyday tasks carried out in the participants' homes and surrounding environments.

Songbird species that display more-complex vocal learning are better problem-solvers and have larger brains.

Complex vocal learning, a critical component of human spoken language, has been assumed to be associated with more-advanced cognitive abilities. Tests of this hypothesis between individuals within a species have been inconclusive and have not been done across species. In this work, we measured an array of cognitive skills-namely, problem-solving, associative and reversal learning, and self-control-across 214 individuals of 23 bird species, including 19 wild-caught songbird species, two domesticated songbird species, and two wild-caught vocal nonlearning species.

Development and characterization of a plant-derived norovirus-like particle vaccine.

Background: Norovirus (NoV) is the most common cause of diarrheal episodes globally. Issues with in vitro cultivation systems, genetic variation, and animal models have hindered vaccine development. Plant-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) may address some of these concerns because they are highly immunogenic, can be administered by different routes, and can be rapidly produced to accommodate emerging viral strains.

Influence of a Brief Autism Education Intervention on Peer Engagement and Inclusion At Mainstream Day Camps: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study.

To explore the benefits of a brief autism education intervention on peer engagement and inclusion of autistic children at day camps. A convergent, parallel, two-arm (intervention/no intervention), non-randomized, mixed-methods design was used. The individualized, peer-directed, 5-10 min intervention included four components: (1) diagnostic label, (2) description and purpose of unique behaviors, (3) favorite activities and interests, and (4) strategies to engage.

High engagement in nonpharmaceutical interventions and their associations with reduced COVID-19 among US college students.

Background: Nonpharmaceutical interventions, including face mask-wearing, physical distancing, and avoidance of crowds and poorly ventilated spaces, have been widely recommended to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2. To date, there is little data available on engagement in nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 in college students. Using a large sample of college students, we estimate the prevalence of engagement in mask-wearing, physical distancing, and avoidance of crowds/poorly ventilated spaces and their associations with COVID-19.

The dual reality of challenging behaviours: Overlapping and distinct perspectives of individuals with TBI and their caregivers.

Challenging behaviours significantly impact the lives of people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their family caregivers. However, these behaviours are rarely defined from the perspectives of both individuals, a necessary step to developing interventions targeting meaningful goals for individuals and caregivers. This study aimed to (1) explore and confirm the perspective of individuals with TBI living in the community and their family caregivers on behaviours they consider challenging and, (2) identify overlapping or distinct views on challenging behaviours.

Higher baseline emotion dysregulation predicts treatment dropout in outpatients with borderline personality disorder.

Treatment dropout is high among outpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and is associated with myriad negative therapeutic and psychosocial outcomes. Identifying predictors of treatment dropout can inform treatment provision for this population. The present study investigated whether symptom profiles of static and dynamic factors could predict treatment dropout.

Proactive and Ongoing Analysis and Management of Ethical Concerns in the Development, Evaluation, and Implementation of Smart Homes for Older Adults With Frailty.

Successful adoption and sustained use of smart home technology can support the aging in place of older adults with frailty. However, the expansion of this technology has been limited, particularly by a lack of ethical considerations surrounding its application. This can ultimately prevent older adults and members of their support ecosystems from benefiting from the technology.