Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Impact on Hypoglycemia Confidence and Fear.

Background: Fear of hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes has a detrimental effect on glycemic control and quality of life. The association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and hypoglycemia confidence and fear has not previously been assessed in the young adult population.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study using questionnaires to assess the impact of CGM on hypoglycemia confidence (using the Hypoglycemia Confidence Scale [HCS]) and hypoglycemia fear (using the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey II [HFS]) in 40 young adults with a preexisting diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Greenspace redevelopment, pressure of displacement, and sleep quality among Black adults in Southwest Atlanta.

Background: Little is known on how greenspace redevelopment-creating or improving existing parks and trails-targeted for low-income and/or majority Black neighborhoods could amplify existing social environmental stressors, increase residents' susceptibility to displacement, and impact their sleep quality.

Objective: To examine the relationship between social environmental stressors associated with displacement and sleep quality among Black adults.

Methods: Linear regression models were employed on survey data to investigate the association between social environmental stressors, independently and combined, on sleep quality among Black adults residing in block groups targeted for greenspace redevelopment (i.

Spatial Filtering of Electroencephalography Reduces Artifacts and Enhances Signals Related to Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS).

Objectives: How spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in its different modes suppresses pain is poorly understood. Mechanisms of action may reside locally in the spinal cord, but also involve a larger network including subcortical and cortical brain structures. Tonic, burst, and high-frequency modes of SCS can, in principle, entrain distinct temporal activity patterns in this network, but finally have to yield specific effects on pain suppression.

Tunable magnetization and damping of sputter-deposited, exchange coupled Py|Fe bilayers.

We report on magnetic damping of exchange coupled, polycrystalline Py(NiFe)|Fe and Fe|Py bilayers, prepared by sputter-deposition on an amorphous 3 nm Ta seed layer. FMR measurements are performed on varying thicknesses of the individual Py and Fe layers while keeping the total bilayer structure thickness fixed. When Fe is grown directly on Ta, there is large magnetic inhomogeneity and damping.

Green Infrastructure, Ecosystem Services, and Human Health.

Contemporary ecological models of health prominently feature the natural environment as fundamental to the ecosystem services that support human life, health, and well-being. The natural environment encompasses and permeates all other spheres of influence on health. Reviews of the natural environment and health literature have tended, at times intentionally, to focus on a limited subset of ecosystem services as well as health benefits stemming from the presence, and access and exposure to, green infrastructure.

The portrayal of natural environment in the evolution of the ecological public health paradigm.

This paper explores the conceptualization of the natural environment in an evolving ecological public health paradigm. The natural environment has long been recognized as essential to supporting life, health, and wellbeing. Our understanding of the relationship between the natural environment and health has steadily evolved from one of an undynamic environment to a more sophisticated understanding of ecological interactions.

County-level effects of green space access on physical activity.

Background: Parks and other forms of green space are among the key environmental supports for recreational physical activity. Measurements of green space access have provided mixed results as to the influence of green space access on physical activity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study uses a geographical information system (GIS) to examine the relationships between the amount of and distance to green space and county-level (n = 67) moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the state of Florida.

Putting the capital "E" environment into ecological models of health.

The recent public health reawakening to the role of the built environment has largely excluded consideration of the natural environment. This exclusion is despite the fact that land conservation, or green infrastructure, supports the most fundamental human needs and healthy lifestyles. Although the contemporary public health paradigm acknowledges the environment as an important construct in an "ecological" approach to health, environmental protection is not commonly viewed as an upstream approach to preventing disease.

Neighborhood urban form, social environment, and depression.

We examined whether neighborhood urban form, along with the social environment, was associated with depressive symptoms in a sample of Miami residents. Using a validated measure of depressive symptoms, we found that living in neighborhoods with higher housing density was associated with fewer symptoms. A larger acreage of green spaces was also linked to fewer depressive symptoms but did not reach significance in the full model.

Mechanisms underlying metabolic and neural defects in zebrafish and human multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD).

In humans, mutations in electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) or electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH) lead to MADD/glutaric aciduria type II, an autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by a broad spectrum of devastating neurological, systemic and metabolic symptoms. We show that a zebrafish mutant in ETFDH, xavier, and fibroblast cells from MADD patients demonstrate similar mitochondrial and metabolic abnormalities, including reduced oxidative phosphorylation, increased aerobic glycolysis, and upregulation of the PPARG-ERK pathway. This metabolic dysfunction is associated with aberrant neural proliferation in xav, in addition to other neural phenotypes and paralysis.

Development of skeletal muscle sodium and potassium currents in zebrafish sofa potato mutants.

In some cells, the development of voltage-gated channels requires synaptic input, while in others it does not. Here we investigate whether the sodium and potassium currents in the skeletal muscle of zebrafish sofa potato (sop(-/-)) mutants develop normally. Zebrafish sop(-/-) mutants do not express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions, and therefore do not exhibit synaptic activity in muscle.

Embryonic motor activity and implications for regulating motoneuron axonal pathfinding in zebrafish.

Zebrafish embryos exhibit spontaneous contractions of the musculature as early as 18-19 h post fertilization (hpf) when removed from their protective chorion. These movements are likely initiated by early embryonic central nervous system activity. We have made the observation that narrowminded mutant embryos (hereafter, nrd(-/-)) lack normal embryonic motor output upon dechorionation.

Protein kinase A modulates A-type potassium currents of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) white muscle fibres.

Aims: Potassium (K(+)) channels are involved in regulating cell excitability and action potential shape. To our knowledge, very little is known about the modulation of A-type K(+) currents in skeletal muscle fibres. Therefore, we sought to determine whether K(+) currents of zebrafish white skeletal muscle were modulated by protein kinase A (PKA).

Differential expression of PKC isoforms in developing zebrafish.

Protein kinase C isozymes are a biologically diverse group of enzymes known to be involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. They fall into three families (conventional, novel and atypical) depending upon their mode of activation. Several classes of zebrafish neurons have been shown to express PKCalpha during development, but the expression of other isoforms remains unknown.

Development of ionic currents of zebrafish slow and fast skeletal muscle fibers.

Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels play key roles in the excitability of skeletal muscle fibers. In this study we investigated the steady-state and kinetic properties of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ currents of slow and fast skeletal muscle fibers in zebrafish ranging in age from 1 day postfertilization (dpf) to 4-6 dpf. The inner white (fast) fibers possess an A-type inactivating K+ current that increases in peak current density and accelerates its rise and decay times during development.

Expression of PKC in the developing zebrafish, Danio rerio.

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of enzymes involved in a wide range of biological functions. We investigated the expression of PKC-positive cells in zebrafish embryos and larvae within the first week of development to determine the developmental profile of PKC-containing cells. Our other goal was to determine if PKC alpha was associated with Rohon-Beard neurons during the first 5 days of development, when they are reported to undergo apoptosis.

Calpain activation and not oxidative damage mediates L-2-chloropropionic acid-induced cerebellar granule cell necrosis.

Possible biochemical events involved in L-2-chloropropionic acid (L-CPA)-induced delayed cerebellar granule cell necrosis following N-methyl-D-aspartate activation were studied in vivo. We examined whether the calcium-sensitive proteolytic enzymes, the calpains, may be activated by L-CPA or whether the generation of excess quantities of cytotoxic free radicals may play a role in the neurotoxicity produced by oral administration of L-CPA (750 mg/kg, pH 7.0).

Methylene chloride-induced DNA damage: an interspecies comparison.

DNA single-strand (ss) breaks were detected in the livers of B6C3F1 mice immediately following exposure to 4000-8000 p.p.m.

Trichloroacetic acid: investigation into the mechanism of chromosomal damage in the in vitro human lymphocyte cytogenetic assay and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test.

Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was tested for its ability to induce chromosomal damage in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes and in bone marrow cells of male and female C57BL/6JfBL10/Alpk mice. Two in vitro cytogenetic assays were conducted with TCA. In the first TCA, as free acid, was added to whole blood cultures at final concentrations of 500, 2000 and 3500 micrograms/ml in the presence and absence of an auxiliary metabolic activation system (rat liver S9-mix).

The effect of implantation of osmotic pumps on rat thyroid hormone and testosterone levels in the plasma, an implication for tissue 'S' phase studies.

In order to monitor the effect of the procedures required to s.c. implant osmotic pumps into rats on plasma thyroid and testosterone hormone levels, male Fischer 344 rats (8-10 weeks old) were divided into six groups of 10 rats and the groups treated in the following manner: (1) controls housed 5 per cage; (2) controls housed individually; (3) animals anaesthetised for surgery and individually housed; (4) anaesthetised, sham operated and individually housed; (5) anaesthetised, s.