Cardiorespiratory Fitness From Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Is a Comprehensive Risk-stratifying Tool in Liver Transplant Candidates.

Background: Cardiovascular disease and physical decline are prevalent and associated with morbidity/mortality in liver transplant (LT) patients. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) provides comprehensive cardiopulmonary and exercise response assessments. We investigated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiac stress generated during CPX in LT candidates.

Effect of Ultramarathon Trail Running at Sea Level and Altitude on Alveolar-Capillary Function and Lung Diffusion.

Introduction: Endurance exercise at altitude can increase cardiac output and pulmonary vascular pressure to levels that may exceed the stress tolerability of the alveolar-capillary unit. This study examined the effect of ultramarathon trail racing at different altitudes (ranging from <1000 m to between 1500 and 2700 m) on alveolar-capillary recruitment and lung diffusion.

Methods: Cardiac and lung function were examined before and after an ultramarathon in 67 runners (age: 41 ± 9 yr, body mass index: 23 ± 2 kg·m -2 , 10 females), and following 12-24 h of recovery in a subset ( n = 27).

Semi-supervised exercise training program more effective for individuals with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Exercise like any medication requires the correct dose; to be effective the appropriate frequency, duration, and intensity are necessary. This study aimed to assess if a semi-supervised exercise training (ET) program would be more effective at improving aerobic fitness (VO), exercise tolerance, and symptoms in individuals with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) compared to the standard of care (SOC).

Methods: Subjects were randomized to either the ET or SOC groups (n 26 vs.

A Smart System for the Contactless Measurement of Energy Expenditure.

Energy Expenditure (EE) (kcal/day), a key element to guide obesity treatment, is measured from CO production, VCO (mL/min), and/or O consumption, VO (mL/min). Current technologies are limited due to the requirement of wearable facial accessories. A novel system, the Smart Pad, which measures EE via VCO from a room's ambient CO concentration transients was evaluated.

Comparative study of a novel portable indirect calorimeter to a reference breath-by-breath instrument and its use in telemedicine settings.

Background & Aims: Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) quantitatively describes the calories used to support body function (e.g. breathing, blood circulation, etc.

The Influence of Social Distancing Behaviors and Psychosocial Factors on Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has arguably facilitated a shift toward increased sedentariness and reduced physical activity. Moreover, there is mounting evidence that mental health has also declined during the pandemic. However, it remains unknown to what extent social distancing (SD) behaviors and mental health have affected the physical activity levels of the general population.

Exercise and the immune system: taking steps to improve responses to cancer immunotherapy.

The remarkable success of cancer immunotherapies has provided new hope to cancer patients. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients remain unable to respond to immunotherapy or maintain durable clinical responses. The lack of objective responses likely results from profound immune dysfunction often observed in patients with cancer.

Self-reported physical activity before a COVID-19 'lockdown': is it just a matter of opinion?

There are growing concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic has facilitated a sedentary shift in our physical activity habits. A reduction in physical activity during the pandemic may be secondary to restrictive policies implemented at the government-level, typically those policies which limit interpersonal contact; for example, physical/social distancing. It is without question that social distancing is a necessary measure to mitigate community transmission of the novel virus; however, these policies often limit the public's opportunities to engage in physical activity.

A system for contact free energy expenditure assessment under free-living conditions: monitoring metabolism for weight loss using carbon dioxide emission.

Weight disorders are strikingly prevalent globally and can contribute to a wide array of potentially fatal diseases spanning from type II diabetes to coronary heart disease. These disorders have a common cause: poor calorie balance. Since energy expenditure (EE) (kcal d) constitutes one half of the calorie balance equation (the other half being food intake), its measurement could be of great value to those suffering from weight disorders.

Alveolar to arterial gas exchange during constant-load exercise in healthy active men and women.

Inadequate hyperventilation and inefficient alveolar to arterial gas exchange are gas exchange challenges that can limit capacity and cause exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia (EIAH). This work evaluated if the prevalence of gas exchange inefficiencies, defined as AaDO>25 mmHg, PaCO>38 mmHg, and/or ΔPaO>-10 mmHg at any point during constant-load exercise in healthy, active, but not highly trained, individuals suggested an innate sex difference that would make females more susceptible to EIAH. Sixty-four healthy, active males and females completed 18-min of cycling exercise (moderate and vigorous intensity, 9 min/stage).

Validation of radiofrequency determined lung fluid using thoracic CT: Findings in acute decompensated heart failure patients.

Background: Noninvasive outpatient monitoring for heart failure (HF) has significant opportunity to reduce patient morbidity and the costs associated with recurrent hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to validate the ability of radiofrequency (RF) to assess lung fluid via a wearable patch device compared to thoracic CT in order to characterize volume overload.

Methods: 120 subjects were studied: 66 acute heart failure (AHF) inpatients and 54 subjects without AHF (Control - 44 healthy and 10 stable HF).

Fetal Origins of Asthma: A Longitudinal Study from Birth to Age 36 Years.

Deficits in infant lung function-including the ratio of the time to reach peak tidal expiratory flow to the total expiratory time (tptef/te) and maximal expiratory flow at FRC (V̇maxFRC)-have been linked to increased risk for childhood asthma. To examine the individual and combined effects of tptef/te and V̇maxFRC in infancy on risk for asthma and abnormalities of airway structure into mid-adult life. One hundred eighty participants in the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study birth cohort had lung function measured by the chest-compression technique in infancy (mean age ± SD: 2.

Impact of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on vascular function and blood pressure in hypertensive individuals.

The present study investigated the impact of 12 weeks of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy on peripheral vascular function, blood pressure (BP), and nitric oxide in hypertensive individuals. Thirty hypertensive individuals (SBP > 130 mm Hg and/or MAP > 100 mm Hg) were assigned to either PEMF group (n = 15) or control group (n = 15). During pre-assessment, participants underwent measures of flow-mediated dilation (FMD), BP, and blood draw for nitric oxide (NO).

Effects of an allosteric hemoglobin affinity modulator on arterial blood gases and cardiopulmonary responses during normoxic and hypoxic low-intensity exercise.

Numerous pathophysiological conditions induce hypoxemia-related cardiopulmonary perturbations, decrements in exercise capacity, and debilitating symptoms. Accordingly, this study investigated the efficacy of an allosteric hemoglobin modulator (voxelotor) to enhance arterial oxygen saturation during low-intensity exercise in hypoxia. Eight normal healthy subjects (36 ± 7 yr; 73.

Myocardial adaptability in young and older-aged sea-level habitants sojourning at Mt Kilimanjaro: are cardiac compensatory limits reached in older trekkers?

Introduction: High-altitude ascent induces left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular adaptations secondary to hypoxia-related hemodynamic and myocardial alterations. Since cardiopulmonary decrements observed with aging (e.g.

The impact of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on blood pressure and circulating nitric oxide levels: a double blind, randomized study in subjects with metabolic syndrome.

Regulation of blood pressure (BP) is important in reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease. There is growing interest in non-pharmacological methods to treat BP including a novel approach using pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF). PEMF therapy has been proposed to impact physiological function at the cellular and tissue level and one possible mechanism is through an impact on endothelial function and nitric oxide (NO) related pathways.

Relationship of Activity Patterns to Acute Mountain Sickness in South Pole Workers.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of physical activity on incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) by continuous activity monitoring in a free-living sample of South Pole workers over the initial 72 h at altitude exposure of 2,840 m (9,318 ft). Body Media activity monitors were worn by 47 healthy participants. AMS was defined by the Lake Louise symptom questionnaire.