Intussusception in the adult: clinical, radiological and histological features.

Intussusception in the adult is an unusual cause of bowel obstruction. Unlike in childhood the clinical presentation is not clear cut and there are no distinct pathognomonic features. The radiological features are variable.

Immunohistochemical staining patterns of benign breast biopsies by 323/A3 and Ca1 monoclonal antibodies related to epidemiological and radiological risk criteria.

Monoclonal antibodies 323/A3 and Ca1 have been suggested as markers of breast cancer risk in benign breast disease. We have studied the staining profiles in benign biopsies of 323/A3 and Ca1 in 146 patients. We then compared the staining patterns grouped according to whether the patients were at "high or low" risk of breast cancer by conventional epidemiological or radiological criteria.

A controlled trial of synthetic surfactant in infants weighing 1250 g or more with respiratory distress syndrome. The American Exosurf Neonatal Study Group I, and the Canadian Exosurf Neonatal Study Group.

Background: Surfactant-replacement therapy is now recognized as a life-saving and safe intervention in small premature infants, but there is little evidence concerning its risks and benefits in larger premature infants.

Methods: We conducted a placebo-controlled, blinded trial in 1237 infants with respiratory distress who were enrolled at 23 hospitals in the United States and 13 hospitals in Canada. At entry all the infants weighed at least 1250 g, were receiving mechanical ventilation, and had a ratio of arterial to alveolar oxygen tension below 0.

An infant and toddler feeding group program.

At Children's Medical Center of Dayton, Ohio, several children whose early oral feedings were delayed or especially difficult due to physical problems became resistant and exhibited aversive behaviors when oral feeding was introduced. A support group, which lasted for 9 months, was initiated with six of these children and their families. In the group, professionals provided the families with general information about nutrition and behavior and with individualized intervention strategies for the nutritional and behavioral management of their child's specific problems.

Endoscopic transanal resection of rectal lesions: facilitation by adaptation of Lord's dilator.

A wide variety of techniques are available to remove lesions within the anal canal and rectum. Endoscopic transanal resection is a well tolerated procedure which achieves good palliation. Leakage of glycine from the rectum during the procedure can be problematic.

The value of ultrasound scanning of the upper urinary tract in patients with bladder outlet obstruction.

Ultrasound scanning of the upper urinary tract enables a urologist to allocate a degree of urgency for surgery when upper tract dilatation is present. We have studied whether other assessments of bladder outlet obstruction could eliminate this investigation. The study group comprised 223 consecutive patients who had ultrasound scans for bladder outlet obstruction.

Monoclonal antibody 323/A3: a marker for the presence of breast carcinoma.

The monoclonal antibody 323/A3 has been suggested as a marker of cancer risk in benign breast disease. Patients who have had both a benign biopsy and a later biopsy for breast carcinoma were studied. The staining patterns in the biopsies were analysed using a semi-quantitative recording system adapted from Mariani-Costantini et al.

Jack of one trade, master of none: host choice by Drosophila magnaquinaria.

Host selection by phytophagous insects is generally thought to be based on chemical or nutritional characteristics of the host. This is especially true for monophagous insects. However, many other factors may influence host choice.

Sclerotherapy for 'scrotal cysts' using tetracycline instillation.

Aspiration and tetracycline (Achromycin) instillation has been used to sclerose 'scrotal cysts'. Thirteen hydroceles and epididymal cysts were treated. Of the cysts treated, four failed to sclerose, and moderate to severe pain occurred in eight patients.

Temporal differences between color pathways within the retina as a possible origin of subjective colors.

We propose a model of temporal signal processing within the retina based on temporal differences between the color pathways which may explain the phenomenon of subjective color. We quantify the model by inferring impulse response functions from physiological data, and predict the output of the different color pathways to temporally modulated achromatic signals which produce the sensation of color. Certain achromatic temporally modulated signals create imbalances between the color pathways which are analogous to those produced by stationary chromatic signals.

Mortality and morbidity of prostatectomy. How far does preselection and pre-operative care influence the result?

Mortality and morbidity rates of prostatectomy have been progressively reduced over the past years, but with increasing ageing of the population, a limit is reached when medical complicating factors ensue, beyond which operative intervention carries an unacceptable risk. Results of surgery have little meaning if patients who are not fit or too old are excluded and not shown. It is with the above objectives in view that a prospective study is reported where all patients who presented or were admitted with prostatic symptoms over 1 year were recorded.

Oestrogen-regulated 24-kDa protein--a marker for breast carcinoma in benign breast tissue.

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) raised to an oestrogen-induced protein (24-kDa protein) has been suggested as a marker of women at risk of developing breast cancer. Patients with benign breast biopsies who have not developed breast cancer (benign control groups) were compared to women who had malignant breast biopsies. The benign tissue components from each group were studied.

Evaluation of immunohistochemical staining of breast tissue by an oestrogen-regulated protein, 24K according to epidemiological and radiological breast cancer risk criteria.

The staining characteristics of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) are often determined on small numbers of biopsies. The true staining profile can only properly be determined when large numbers of biopsies are stained. We have examined the staining profile of 24K MAb on 146 benign breast biopsies.

Pseudo-pyloric tumours.

Two infants presenting with vomiting were thought to have palpable pyloric tumours. At operation hypertrophic pyloric stenosis was not present, but other conditions causing duodenal obstruction were, and these required surgical treatment. The cases illustrate that other abnormalities may masquerade as pyloric stenosis.

Pulmonary agenesis associated with fourteen other congenital abnormalities.

Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital defect associated with certain previously described anomalies. This is the first case described associated with exomphalos. In addition there were 13 other congenital defects, three of which have not previously been recorded with either condition.

Monoclonal antibodies 323/A3 and Ca1 identify a paracrine function of breast carcinoma on adjacent benign histological components.

The 323/A23 monoclonal antibody (MAb) is expressed with increasing breast atypia, whilst Ca1 has been suggested as a marker of cancer risk in benign breast disease. To establish whether they would be useful as markers of malignancy the staining characteristics in benign tissue components associated with malignant biopsies have been compared with the staining patterns of benign biopsies from patients with no known malignancy. Staining with 323/A3 and Ca1 MAb was carried out on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections using ABC Vectastain Reagents (Vector Laboratories) and diaminobenzidine as the chromogen.

O2 and CO reactions with heme proteins: quantum yields and geminate recombination on picosecond time scales.

Picosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy and low-temperature studies have been undertaken in order to understand the nature of the intrinsic quantum yields and geminate recombination of carbon monoxide and oxygen to hemoglobin and myoglobin. We find that the photoproduct yields at 40 ps and long times (minutes) after photolysis at 8 K are similar; however, the yield of oxygen photoproducts is 0.4 +/- 0.

Host acceptance and life-history traits in Drosophila busckii: tests of the hierarchy-threshold model.

The hierarchy-threshold model for host-choice in insects predicts positive genetic correlations between use of different hosts, and between host use and the number of eggs carried by females. Life history theory predicts negative covariance between reproductive capacity and lifespan; hence host use and lifespan should be negatively correlated. These predictions were tested in half-sib breeding designs with the cosmopolitan Drosophila busckii.

Measurement of tidal volume using a pneumotachometer during high-frequency oscillation.

To assess the accuracy of a pneumotachometer (PN) for tidal volume (VT) measurements during high-frequency oscillation (HFO), we determined simultaneously VT using a PN and a full body plethysmograph (PL) in 12 rabbits. HFO was delivered with an oscillator at a frequency of 10 Hz, mean airway pressure of 8 cm H2O, and inspiratory time of 50%. Pressure amplitude (delta P) was varied as follows: 40, 60, 80, 20, 100, 40 cm H2O.

Structural and functional significance of inhomogeneous line broadening of band III in hemoglobin and Fe-Mn hybrid hemoglobins.

Near-infrared spectra of hemoglobin and Fe-Mn hybrid hemoglobins have been obtained at cryogenic temperatures. The charge-transfer (a2u(pi)----dzy) transition at approximately 760 nm (band III) has been found to be a conformationally sensitive indicator of the heme-pocket geometry in these species. Temperature, protein tertiary and quaternary structure, chain heterogeneity, and ligand rebinding subsequent to CO photolysis all affect the line width and position of this transition.

Dynamics and reactivity of HbXL99 alpha. A cross-linked hemoglobin derivative.

Resonance Raman spectroscopy, transient absorption, and fluroescence techniques have been employed to investigate the structure and dynamics of the alpha-cross-linked hemoglobin derivative, HbXL99 alpha. The resonance Raman spectra of the deoxy form of HbXL99 alpha are identical to those of native NbA (VFe-His approximately 222 cm-1), which exhibit a T-state (low affinity) structure regardless of solvent conditions. The resonance Raman spectra of the transient heme photoproduct resulting from CO photolysis from HbXL99 alpha appear to have structures intermediate between deoxy-T and ligand-bound R structures (VFe-His approximately 222 cm-1).