A community-based evaluation of disability resources and inclusion practices in rural Botswana.

Background: Community-based approaches to enhance the inclusion of persons with disabilities have proven effective; however, not much is known about cultural and contextual factors that influence the capacity of policy implementation and inclusion practices in rural Botswana.

Objective: The study evaluated local disability education and health resources in rural Botswana to develop a deeper understanding of cultural and contextual factors impacting inclusion practices.

Method: Researchers used socio-demographic and qualitative research methods to conduct a comprehensive community-based needs assessment.

Context-Dependent Requirements for FimH and Other Canonical Virulence Factors in Gut Colonization by Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) acts as a commensal within the mammalian gut but can induce pathology upon dissemination to other host environments such as the urinary tract and bloodstream. ExPEC genomes are likely shaped by evolutionary forces encountered within the gut, where the bacteria spend much of their time, provoking the question of how their extraintestinal virulence traits arose. The principle of coincidental evolution, in which a gene that evolved in one niche happens to be advantageous in another, has been used to argue that ExPEC virulence factors originated in response to selective pressures within the gut ecosystem.