Background: This cross-sectional study evaluated whether children with special health care needs (CSHCN) were more likely to use the emergency department (ED) for nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDCs) than children without special health care needs (SHCN). The study also examined whether the likelihood of receiving an opioid prescription after an NTDC-ED visit differed between children with and without SHCN.
Methods: This analysis was based on 2017 Oregon Medicaid enrollment, claims, and pharmacy data (N = 225,614 children aged 3-17 years).
Background: This study protocol describes a community-based intervention that will seek to reduce added sugar intake in Yup'ik Alaska Native children by targeting reductions in sugar-sweetened fruit drinks.
Methods: A two-group non-randomized design will be used to evaluate the intervention in three Yup'ik communities in Alaska focusing on children age 1 to less than age 12 years with a minimum enrollment target of 192 children. Families in the intervention arm will participate in a program consisting of five sessions plus four brief check-ins, all delivered by a Yup'ik Community Health Worker.
Background And Objective: Delivering radiotherapy to the bladder is challenging as it is a mobile, deformable structure. Dose-escalated adaptive image-guided radiotherapy could improve outcomes. RAIDER aimed to demonstrate the safety of such a schedule.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Alaska Native children may be at increased risk for dental caries because of added sugar intake from sugar-sweetened fruit drinks. This study describes development of a questionnaire to (a) assess Alaska Native caregivers' beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors regarding sugar-sweetened fruit drinks, and (b) describe behavior changes within a community-based intervention.
Methods: Questionnaire development was conducted in three phases with Yup'ik Alaska Native caregivers in Southwest Alaska: (1) initial selection and adaptation of questionnaire items; (2) cognitive testing; and (3) data collection.
The goal of this study was to describe medical providers' fluoride-related beliefs and practices, experiences with fluoride-hesitant caregivers, and barriers to incorporating oral health activities into their practice. In this cross-sectional study, we specifically tested the hypothesis of whether these factors differed between pediatric and family medicine providers. A 39-item online survey was administered to a convenience sample of pediatric and family medicine providers in Washington state and Ohio (U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The aim of the authors was to determine whether socioeconomic vulnerability is associated with community water fluoridation (CWF).
Methods: The authors used US Census Bureau data to create 4 county-level vulnerability markers (percentages non-White, Hispanic or Latino, below the federal poverty threshold, education below high school), obtained county-level CWF data from the Washington State Department of Health, and evaluated associations using Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. The authors then interviewed 122 community members in Washington (December 2022-March 2023) and analyzed the interview data inductively.
Methods Mol Biol
December 2023
The functional characterization of "hypothetical" phage genes is a major bottleneck in basic and applied phage research. To compound this issue, the most suitable phages for therapeutic applications-the strictly lytic variety-are largely recalcitrant to classical genetic techniques due to low recombination rates and lack of selectable markers. Here we describe methods for fast and effective phage engineering that rely upon a Type III-A CRISPR-Cas system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To understand topical fluoride-related beliefs and refusal behaviors for caregivers of children with special health care needs (CSHCN).
Methods: This was an explanatory sequential mixed methods study. For the quantitative analyses, we surveyed 520 caregivers to (a) compare fluoride-related beliefs between caregivers of CSHCN and caregivers of healthy children and (b) evaluate the association between special health care need (SHCN) status and topical fluoride refusal.
Background And Purpose: Tenecteplase is the thrombolytic drug of choice for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) as it has unique pharmacologic properties, along with results demonstrating its non-inferiority compared to alteplase. However, there are contradictory data concerning the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. The purpose of the study was to report the rate and patterns of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in AIS patients after thrombolysis with tenecteplase compared to alteplase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: There are oral health disparities in the U.S. and children in food-insecure households have a higher burden of tooth decay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between preventive dental care utilization and untreated dental caries for Medicaid-enrolled adolescents and to determine if the relationship is moderated by chronic conditions (CC).
Methods: This analysis was based on 2015-2016 Medicaid claims files and survey data collected from adolescents ages 12-18 years enrolled in Oregon Medicaid, who received a dental screening between December 2015 and December 2016 (n = 240). To assess the relationship between preventive dental care utilization and untreated dental caries (defined as decayed tooth surfaces), prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated using log-linear regression models.
This study evaluated whether traditional food intake and diet quality differed by season in Yup'ik communities and examined the relationship between intake of traditional food groups and diet quality. Data were collected from 38 participants, ages 14-79 years, from two Yup'ik communities in Southwest Alaska from 2008 to 2010. Self-reported intake (24-h recalls) and dietary biomarker (nitrogen stable isotope ratio) data were collected twice in distinct seasons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The goal of this study was to examine the association of health insurance and preventive dental care use among university students.
Methods: This secondary analysis of cross-sectional data focused on students at University of Washington in Washington state (WA) who completed a health insurance survey in 2017 (n = 3768). The exposure was health insurance (private insurance in WA [reference group], not insured, Medicaid or Medicare [public insurance], university insurance, private insurance not in WA, other) and the outcome was receiving a dental cleaning in the past 6 months.
American Indian and Alaska Native preschool-aged children experience a high prevalence of obesity, yet are under-represented in obesity prevention research. This study examined obesity prevalence and dietary risk factors among Alaska Native preschool-aged children in southwest Alaska. The study used baseline data from "" a culturally centered multilevel intervention focused on Yup'ik Alaska Native children, aged 3-5 years, enrolled in Head Start in 12 communities in southwest Alaska ( = 155).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The goal of the study was to identify secular trends in dental service delivery between dental therapists and dentists in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region of Southwest Alaska, the first area of the United States to authorize dental therapy practice.
Methods: Electronic health record transactions from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation from 2006 through 2015 (n = 27,459) were analyzed. Five types of dental services were identified using Current Dental Terminology procedure codes: diagnostic, preventive, restorative, endodontic, and oral surgery.
Objectives: The goal of this study was to assess how the mental health of dental trainees has changed during the pandemic and to identify the most stressful aspects of trainees' programs, stress coping strategies, and suggestions for individual and institution-driven solutions to improve wellness.
Methods: The study focused on dental trainees at the University of Washington who completed a wellness survey in fall 2020 (n = 126; response rate = 35.5%) and spring 2021 (n = 105; response rate = 29.
Introduction: Food insecurity is an important social determinant of health, but there is limited understanding of its relationship with adult oral health. This study examined the associations between food insecurity and dental diseases (caries and periodontitis) among middle-aged and older adults in the United States and South Korea.
Methods: This study focused on middle-aged (40-59 years) and older adults (>59 years) who participated in the 2011-2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) or the 2013-2015 South Korean NHANES.
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of adult dental benefit cuts on child dental use in Washington state Medicaid and determine if cuts affect child demographic subgroups differentially.
Research Design: The study used an interrupted time-series methodology to measure differences in child dental use after adult dental benefit elimination and reinstatement. Monthly data came from Washington state Medicaid enrollee and dental claim files from January 2008 to December 2015.
Objective: Lower-income older adults with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) are highly vulnerable to food insecurity. However, few studies have considered how health care access is related to food insecurity among older adults with MCC. The aims of this study were to examine associations between MCC and food insecurity, and, among older adults with MCC, between health care access and food insecurity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe perpetual arms race between bacteria and their viruses (phages) has given rise to diverse immune systems, including restriction-modification and CRISPR-Cas, which sense and degrade phage-derived nucleic acids. These complex systems rely upon production and maintenance of multiple components to achieve antiphage defense. However, the prevalence and effectiveness of minimal, single-component systems that cleave DNA remain unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Prev Med
February 2022
Introduction: This study aims to examine physician and dentist fluoride prescription patterns and identify the factors associated with fluoride prescriptions for Medicaid-enrolled children. The hypothesis is that dentists will be the primary prescribers of fluoride and that caries risk factors will be associated with fluoride prescriptions.
Methods: Data were analyzed for Oregon children aged 0-17 years enrolled in Medicaid for ≥300 days in both 2016 and 2017.
Health benefits from point-of-use (POU) water treatment devices come only with consistent use. Embedded sensors can measure the consistency of POU-device use and can provide insights about improving it. We demonstrate both potentials with data from SmartSpouts: accelerometer-based sensors embedded in spigot handles that record the duration and timing of use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Dental trainees (dental students, graduate students, and postdoctoral residents) are at increased risk of experiencing poor mental health, which can lead to intentions to leave their program, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The authors invited 355 dental trainees at the University of Washington School of Dentistry to complete an 83-item questionnaire in August and September 2020. The outcome analyzed was intention to leave their programs.
Excess added sugar intake contributes to tooth decay risk in Alaska Native communities. The goal of this exploratory study was to determine if there is seasonal variation in total added sugar intake or in the leading sources of added sugars in a Yup'ik population. Data were collected in spring and winter from 2008-2010 using self-reported intake data measured by 24-hour recall and by hair biomarker (carbon and nitrogen stable isotope).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Characterize vegetable and fruit (VF) intake in a Yup'ik community using self-reported intake and skin carotenoid status (SCS) and evaluate the relationship between SCS and fish intake.
Methods: Self-reported VF intake was measured using the 24-hour recall, SCS was measured by reflection spectroscopy via the Veggie Meter (Longevity Link Corporation), and fish intake was estimated by the nitrogen isotope ratio (NIR) for 80 participants in a remote community in Southwestern Alaska. Bivariate correlations were used to assess the relationship between self-reported VF intake, SCS, and NIR.