Drought-Induced Root Pressure in .

Root pressure, also manifested as profusive sap flowing from cut stems, is a phenomenon in some species that has perplexed biologists for much of the last century. It is associated with increased crop production under drought, but its function and regulation remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the initiation, mechanisms, and possible adaptive function of root pressure in six genotypes of during a drought experiment in the greenhouse.

Differential Stem Proteomics and Metabolomics Profiles for Four Wheat Cultivars in Response to the Insect Pest Wheat Stem Sawfly.

Common wheat ( L.) is a global staple crop, and insect pests can impact grain yield. The wheat stem sawfly (, WSS) is a major wheat pest, and while partial resistance has been deployed by breeding for a solid-stem trait, this trait is affected by environment.

Interactions of free-living amoebae with the rice fungal pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani.

Objective: Rhizoctonia solani is a soil-borne fungal pathogen of many important crop plants. In rice, R. solani causes sheath blight disease, which results in devastating grain yield and quality losses.

Potential for Beneficial Reuse of Oil and Gas-Derived Produced Water in Agriculture: Physiological and Morphological Responses in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Produced water (PW) from oil and gas operations is considered a potential resource for food crop irrigation because of increasing water scarcity in dryland agriculture. However, efforts to employ PW for agriculture have been met with limited success. A greenhouse study was performed to evaluate the effects of PW on physiological and morphological traits of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum).

High-throughput quantitative analysis of phytohormones in sorghum leaf and root tissue by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Plant development, growth, and adaptation to stress are regulated by phytohormones, which can influence physiology even at low concentrations. Phytohormones are chemically grouped according to both structure and function as auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, jasmonates, salicylates, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids, among others. This chemical diversity and requirement for highly sensitive detection in complex matrices create unique challenges for comprehensive phytohormone analysis.

Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Sorghum Rhizosphere-Associated Exudates are Influenced by the Belowground Interaction of Substrate and Sorghum Genotype.

Root exudation is an important plant process by which roots release small molecules into the rhizosphere that serve in overall plant functioning. Yet, there is a major gap in our knowledge in translating plant root exudation in artificial systems (i.e.

Interactions of free-living amoebae with rice bacterial pathogens Xanthomonas oryzae pathovars oryzae and oryzicola.

Background: Free-living amoebae (FLA) are voracious feeders, consuming bacteria and other microbes during colonization of the phytobiome. FLA are also known to secrete bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic compounds into their growth environment.

Methodology And Principal Findings: Here, we explore the impacts of co-cultivation of five FLA species, including Acanthamoeba castellanii, A.

GC-MS Metabolomics to Evaluate the Composition of Plant Cuticular Waxes for Four Triticum aestivum Cultivars.

Wheat ( L.) is an important food crop, and biotic and abiotic stresses significantly impact grain yield. Wheat leaf and stem surface waxes are associated with traits of biological importance, including stress resistance.

A Program for Iron Economy during Deficiency Targets Specific Fe Proteins.

Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plants, utilized in nearly every cellular process. Because the adjustment of uptake under Fe limitation cannot satisfy all demands, plants need to acclimate their physiology and biochemistry, especially in their chloroplasts, which have a high demand for Fe. To investigate if a program exists for the utilization of Fe under deficiency, we analyzed how hydroponically grown Arabidopsis () adjusts its physiology and Fe protein composition in vegetative photosynthetic tissue during Fe deficiency.

Non-targeted Metabolomics in Diverse Sorghum Breeding Lines Indicates Primary and Secondary Metabolite Profiles Are Associated with Plant Biomass Accumulation and Photosynthesis.

Metabolomics is an emerging method to improve our understanding of how genetic diversity affects phenotypic variation in plants. Recent studies have demonstrated that genotype has a major influence on biochemical variation in several types of plant tissues, however, the association between metabolic variation and variation in morphological and physiological traits is largely unknown. Sorghum bicolor (L.

CYCD3 D-type cyclins regulate cambial cell proliferation and secondary growth in Arabidopsis.

A major proportion of plant biomass is derived from the activity of the cambium, a lateral meristem responsible for vascular tissue formation and radial organ enlargement in a process termed secondary growth. In contrast to our relatively good understanding of the regulation of primary meristems, remarkably little is known concerning the mechanisms controlling secondary growth, particularly how cambial cell divisions are regulated and integrated with vascular differentiation. A genetic loss-of-function approach was used here to reveal a rate-limiting role for the Arabidopsis CYCLIN D3 (CYCD3) subgroup of cell-cycle genes in the control of cambial cell proliferation and secondary growth, providing conclusive evidence of a direct link between the cell cycle and vascular development.

Biomass for thermochemical conversion: targets and challenges.

Bioenergy will be one component of a suite of alternatives to fossil fuels. Effective conversion of biomass to energy will require the careful pairing of advanced conversion technologies with biomass feedstocks optimized for the purpose. Lignocellulosic biomass can be converted to useful energy products via two distinct pathways: enzymatic or thermochemical conversion.

The Dickeya dadantii biofilm matrix consists of cellulose nanofibres, and is an emergent property dependent upon the type III secretion system and the cellulose synthesis operon.

Dickeya dadantii is a plant-pathogenic bacterium that produces cellulose-containing biofilms, called pellicles, at the air-liquid interface of liquid cultures. D. dadantii pellicle formation appears to be an emergent property dependent upon at least three gene clusters, including cellulose synthesis, type III secretion system (T3SS) and flagellar genes.

Genetic variation in biomass traits among 20 diverse rice varieties.

Biofuels provide a promising route of producing energy while reducing reliance on petroleum. Developing sustainable liquid fuel production from cellulosic feedstock is a major challenge and will require significant breeding efforts to maximize plant biomass production. Our approach to elucidating genes and genetic pathways that can be targeted for improving biomass production is to exploit the combination of genomic tools and genetic diversity in rice (Oryza sativa).

The flagellar sigma factor fliA is required for Dickeya dadantii virulence.

The genome sequence of the Enterobacteriaceae phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii (formerly Erwinia chrysanthemi) revealed homologs of genes required for a complete flagellar secretion system and one flagellin gene. We found that D. dadantii was able to swim and swarm but that ability to swarm was dependent upon both growth media and temperature.

Evaluation of isolation methods and RNA integrity for bacterial RNA quantitation.

RNA integrity is critical for successful RNA quantitation for mammalian tissues, but the level of integrity required differs among tissues. The level of integrity required for quantitation has not been determined for bacterial RNA. Three RNA isolation methods were evaluated for their ability to produce high quality RNA from Dickeya dadantii, a bacterium refractory to RNA isolation.

The role of cellulose and O-antigen capsule in the colonization of plants by Salmonella enterica.

Numerous salmonellosis outbreaks have been associated with vegetables, in particular sprouted seed. Thin aggregative fimbriae (Tafi), a component of the extracellular matrix responsible for multicellular behavior, are important for Salmonella enterica attachment and colonization of plants. Here, we demonstrate that the other surface polymers composing the extracellular matrix, cellulose, and O-antigen capsule also play a role in colonization of plants.

The Erwinia chrysanthemi type III secretion system is required for multicellular behavior.

Enterobacterial animal pathogens exhibit aggregative multicellular behavior, which is manifested as pellicles on the culture surface and biofilms at the surface-liquid-air interface. Pellicle formation behavior requires production of extracellular polysaccharide, cellulose, and protein filaments, known as curli. Protein filaments analogous to curli are formed by many protein secretion systems, including the type III secretion system (TTSS).