Characteristics associated with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) in giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Objective: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common vasculitis and can result in blindness due to anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). Little is known about which patients with GCA are at higher risk of AION.  We did a retrospective chart review to compare demographics, past medical history, labs and imaging of GCA patients with and without AION.

Evaluating Access to Laser Eye Surgery by Driving Times Using Medicare Data and Geographical Mapping.

Importance: Recently, several states have granted optometrists privileges to perform select laser procedures (laser peripheral iridotomy, selective laser trabeculoplasty, and YAG laser capsulotomy) with the aim of increasing access. However, whether these changes are associated with increased access to these procedures among each state's Medicare population has not been evaluated.

Objective: To compare patient access to laser surgery eye care by estimated travel time and 30-minute proximity to an optometrist or ophthalmologist.

Consensus Statement on Visual Rehabilitation in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Optometric visual rehabilitation therapy has been used for a variety of visual disorders. Descriptively named entities such as posttrauma visual syndrome, visual midline shift syndrome, and vertical heterophoria syndrome are frequently diagnosed by neuro-optometrists and/or behavioral optometrists in patients after stroke or head injury or in the setting of dizziness and/or headache. The scientific underpinnings of these diagnoses and treatments are weak, and published clinical studies comprise case reports and case series without comparison to control populations.

Surveillance of long-term complications after treatment of adult brain tumor survivors-review and evidence-based recommendations.

As a result of treatment and diagnosis, adults with primary or metastatic brain tumors experience comorbidities that impacts their health and well-being. The Children's Oncology Group has guideline recommendations for childhood survivors of brain tumors; however, guidelines for monitoring long-term sequela among adult brain tumor survivors are lacking. The purpose of this review is to present the screening recommendations for the long-term complications after brain tumor treatment from a multidisciplinary panel of healthcare professionals.

Longitudinal Changes in Hearing and Visual Impairments and Risk of Dementia in Older Adults in the United States.

Importance: Hearing and vision problems are individually associated with increased dementia risk, but the impact of having concurrent hearing and vision deficits, ie, dual sensory impairment (DSI), on risk of dementia, including its major subtypes Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), is not well known.

Objective: To evaluate whether DSI is associated with incident dementia in older adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) was conducted between 1992 and 1999, with as many as 8 years of follow-up.

Spontaneous retrobulbar hemorrhage in the setting of warfarin therapy and latent scurvy diagnosis.

We present a case of spontaneous nontraumatic retrobulbar hemorrhage associated with anti-coagulation therapy and a new diagnosis of scurvy. A 68-year-old male on chronic anti-coagulation therapy presented with a retrobulbar hemorrhage requiring urgent canthotomy and cantholysis. Despite the absence of a supratherapeutic INR and normal clotting factors, the patient continued to have spontaneous hemorrhages within the orbit and elsewhere.

Inefficiencies in Residency Matching Associated with Gale-Shapley Algorithms.

Purpose: To investigate emerging trends and increasing costs in the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) and San Francisco Residency and Fellowship Match Services (SF Match) associated with the current applicant/program Gale-Shapley-type matching algorithms.

Design: A longitudinal observational study of behavioral trends in national residency matching systems with modeling of match results with alternative parameters.

Methods: We analyzed publicly available data from the SF Match and NRMP websites from 1985 to 2020 for trends in the total number of applicants and available positions, as well the average number of applications and interviews per applicant for multiple specialties.

Ophthalmic conditions associated with dementia risk: The Cardiovascular Health Study.

Introduction: Ophthalmic conditions and dementia appear to overlap and may share common pathways, but research has not differentiated dementia subtypes.

Methods: Diagnoses of cataracts, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and glaucoma were based on medical histories and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes for 3375 participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), was classified using standardized research criteria.

Factors Affecting Ophthalmology Resident Choice to Pursue Neuro-Ophthalmology Fellowship Training.

Background: The number of ophthalmology-trained residents applying to neuro-ophthalmology fellowships has not increased despite a trend toward seeking fellowship training after residency. This study sought to identify factors affecting the choice to pursue or not pursue neuro-ophthalmology fellowship training by graduating ophthalmology residents and recently graduated neuro-ophthalmology fellows.

Methods: An anonymous survey was sent to Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology residency directors to distribute to post-graduate Year 4 (PGY4) ophthalmology residents graduating in either 2018 or 2019.

Dual sensory impairment in older adults and risk of dementia from the GEM Study.

Introduction: Hearing and vision loss are independently associated with dementia, but the impact of dual sensory impairment (DSI) on dementia risk is not well understood.

Methods: Self-reported measures of hearing and vision were taken from 2051 participants at baseline from the Gingko Evaluation of Memory Study. Dementia status was ascertained using standardized criteria.

Presentation and Progression of Papilledema in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis.

Purpose: To determine the natural history and visual outcomes of papilledema in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Methods: This multicenter study included 7 tertiary care neuro-ophthalmology clinics.

Retrospective, Multicenter Comparison of the Clinical Presentation of Patients Presenting With Diplopia From Giant Cell Arteritis vs Other Causes.

Background: Although giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a well-known cause of transient and permanent vision loss, diplopia as a presenting symptom of this condition is uncommon. We compared symptoms and signs of patients presenting with diplopia from GCA to those from other causes.

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective study comparing the clinical characteristics of patients presenting with diplopia from GCA with age-matched controls.

Retinal Arterio-Arterial Collaterals in Susac Syndrome.

Background: The ophthalmic findings of Susac syndrome (SS) consist of visual field defects related to branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), and fluorescein angiography (FA) reveals a unique staining pattern. To date, retinal arterial collateral development has been described only in a single patient. Given that the immunopathological process in SS induces retinal ischemia, it is conceivable that abnormal blood vessel development may occur in affected individuals.

Solitary Orbital Metastasis 35 Years after a Diagnosis of Lobular Carcinoma in Situ.

This report describes a solitary orbital metastasis of lobular carcinoma in a woman 35 years after diagnosis of right breast lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). After partial response to anastrozole, the patient was treated with proton radiotherapy to 45 cobalt gray equivalents (CGE) with an excellent response. We additionally discuss treatment strategies for this rare metastatic site.