The Fixed Mindset of Anxiety Predicts Future Distress: A Longitudinal Study.

Mindsets, or beliefs about the malleability of self-attributes such as intelligence and personality, have been linked to a wide range of outcomes in educational and social psychology. There has been recent interest in exploring this construct in clinical psychological contexts. To that end, research has shown that the fixed mindset of anxiety-the belief that anxiety is fixed and unchangeable-is related to a variety of psychological distress symptoms, emotion regulation strategies, and treatment preferences.

A mind full of self: Self-referential processing as a mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of mindfulness training on internalizing disorders.

The aim of the current review is to advance the hypothesis that change in self-referential processing is a key but under-examined mechanism through which mindfulness training confers its therapeutic benefits for individuals with internalizing disorders. Consequently, we integrated neuroscientific studies on aberrant self-referential processing in internalizing disorders with contemplative science scholarship examining the effects of mindfulness training on the self-referential system. Reviewing these literatures yielded four major conclusions: (1) internalizing disorders can be characterized by excessive self-referential processing and emotion dysregulation; (2) mindfulness training has moderate effects on reducing internalizing symptoms; (3) mindfulness training promotes the shifting from narrative self-focus to present-centered experiential awareness; (4) such mindfulness-induced changes in self-reference is accompanied by reduced activation in overactive self-referential brain regions that have been implicated in internalizing disorders.

Characterization of the Proteins Associated with Caulobacter crescentus Bacteriophage CbK Particles.

Bacteriophage genomes contain an abundance of genes that code for hypothetical proteins with either a conserved domain or no predicted function. The Caulobacter phage CbK has an unusual shape, designated morphotype B3 that consists of an elongated cylindrical head and a long flexible tail. To identify CbK proteins associated with the phage particle, intact phage particles were subjected to SDS-PAGE, and the resulting protein bands were digested with trypsin and analyzed using MALDI mass spectroscopy to provide peptide molecular weights.

The small acid soluble proteins (SASP alpha and SASP beta) of Bacillus weihenstephanensis and Bacillus mycoides group 2 are the most distinct among the Bacillus cereus group.

The Bacillus cereus group includes Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus weihenstephanensis. The small acid soluble spore protein (SASP) beta has been previously demonstrated to be among the biomarkers differentiating B.

The Bacillus cereus containing sub-branch most closely related to Bacillus anthracis, have single amino acid substitutions in small acid-soluble proteins, while remaining sub-branches are more variable.

Hoffmaster et al. [Hoffmaster AR, Ravel J, Rasko DA, Chapman GD, Chute MD, Marston CK, et al. Identification of anthrax toxin genes in Bacillus cereus associated with illness resembling inhalation anthrax.