Personalized medicine in diabetes: regulatory considerations.

Personalized medicine has become a topic of great interest because of its potential to improve patient care and optimize therapeutic strategy. The U.S.

FDA perspectives on pharmacogenetic testing.

The field of pharmacogenetic testing is emerging as a topic of interest for many, due to its potential to improve patient care and optimize therapeutic development. The US Food and Drug Administration is interested in incorporating pharmacogenetics into development activities whenever appropriate to protect and promote public health. This article is intended to reflect the opinions of the Office of In vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety in the Center for Devices and Radiological Health on some issues associated with developing in vitro diagnostic devices for use in pharmacogenetics.

PEX5 binds the PTS1 independently of Hsp70 and the peroxin PEX12.

Most peroxisomal enzymes are targeted to peroxisomes by virtue of a type-1 peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1) at their extreme C terminus. PEX5 binds the PTS1 through its C-terminal 40-kDa tetratricopeptide repeat domain and is essential for import of PTS1-contining proteins into peroxisomes. Here we examined the PTS1-binding activity of purified, recombinant, full-length PEX5 using a fluorescence anisotropy-based assay.

Peroxisomal membrane protein import does not require Pex17p.

Of the approximately 20 proteins required for peroxisome biogenesis, only four have been implicated in the process of peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP) import: Pex3p, Pex16p, Pex17p, and Pex19p. To improve our understanding of the role that Pex17p plays in PMP import, we examined the behavior of PMPs in a Pichia pastoris pex17 mutant. Relative to wild-type cells, pex17 cells appeared to have a mild reduction in PMP stability and slightly aberrant PMP behavior in subcellular fractionation experiments.