CARE Model of Treatment for stuttering: Theory, assumptions, and preliminary findings.

The purpose of this article is to present a theory of therapy for stuttering, its related assumptions, and findings from associated empirical studies. Specifically, we propose the Blank Center CARE™ Model of Treatment (CT) for stuttering, which differs from the current, widely employed fluency model of treatment (FT). The CT reflects the authors' belief in the need to move away from fluency-focused or seemingly ableist treatments (i.

High flow, low results: The limits of high flow nasal cannula in the treatment of bronchiolitis.

Bronchiolitis continues to be the most common cause of hospitalization in the first year of life. We continue to search for the remedy that will improve symptoms, shorten hospitalization and prevent worsening of disease. Although initially thought to be a promising therapy, large randomized controlled trials show us that high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) use is not that remedy.

Addressing high flow overuse in bronchiolitis - Successes and future directions.

The use of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in the treatment of bronchiolitis has markedly increased in the last decade, yet randomized controlled trials have reported little clinical benefit with early, routine use. This article provides a concise overview of the current status of HFNC therapy, discusses successful de-implementation strategies to curtail HFNC overuse, and explores future bronchiolitis and HFNC quality improvement and research considerations.

Caregiver Predictions of Their 3- to 6-Year-Old Child Who Stutters' Communication Attitude.

Purpose: Caregivers share critical insight during their child's stuttering evaluation; yet, there have been no empirical studies evaluating whether caregivers provide similar accounts of their 3- to 6-year-old child's communication attitude compared to their child's self-report. This study examined caregiver- and child-reported communication attitude and assessed potential moderators of more comparable caregiver and child ratings (i.e.

Self-Perceived Communication Competence of Adults Who Stutter Following Communication-Centered Treatment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess self-perceived communication competence of adults who stutter following participation in a non-ableist treatment for which one of the core components focuses on communication - with no direct or indirect goals designed to reduce or modify stuttered speech.

Method: Thirty-three adults who stutter completed the Self-Perceived Communication Competence scale (McCroskey & McCroskey, 1988) pre- and posttreatment.

Results: Findings indicate significant gains in self-perceived communication competence posttreatment.

Observer-rated outcomes of communication-centered treatment for adults who stutter: A social validation study.

Previous studies have reported that adults who stutter demonstrate significant gains in communication competence, per self-ratings and clinician-ratings, upon completion of a communication-centered treatment, or CCT. The purpose of this social validation study was to determine whether communication competence ratings reported by untrained observers are consistent with client and clinician judgments of communication competence gains following CCT. Eighty-one untrained observers completed an online survey that required each to view one of two videos depicting an adult who stutters during a mock interview recorded prior to CCT or after CCT.

Multicenter Quality Collaborative to Reduce Overuse of High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Bronchiolitis.

Background And Objectives: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for bronchiolitis increased over the past decade without clear benefit. This quality improvement collaborative aimed to reduce HFNC initiation and treatment duration by 30% from baseline.

Methods: Participating hospitals either reduced HFNC initiation (Pause) or treatment duration (Holiday) in patients aged <24 months admitted for bronchiolitis.

Self-perceived outcomes of informative and apologetic self-disclosure: A mixed methods study.

Purpose: Self-disclosure statements that are informative, rather than apologetic, have been demonstrated to improve listener perceptions of adults who stutter (Byrd et al., 2017). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the benefits of self-disclosure from the perspective of the speaker and to determine whether self-disclosure statement type is associated with self-perceived outcomes of use.

A pilot study of an online self-compassion intervention for adults who stutter.

Purpose: The primary aim of this pilot study was to determine the preliminary effectiveness of an online self-compassion intervention for improving self-compassion and quality of life in adults who stutter. A secondary aim was to determine intervention acceptability and participant satisfaction.

Method: Participants included adults who stutter who completed an online self-compassion module once a week for six consecutive weeks.

Differences in auditory verbal working memory between adults who do and do not stutter on an N-back task.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate auditory verbal working memory in adults who do (AWS) and do not (AWNS) stutter using a highly demanding linguistic N-back task.

Methods: Fifteen AWS and 15 AWNS matched in age, gender and educational level were asked to hear series of words and respond by pressing a "yes" button if the word they just heard was the same as the word one, two, or three trials back. Words were either phonologically similar (i.

Impact of self-disclosure and communication competence on perceived listener distraction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the distraction reported by unfamiliar adults when listening to a speaker who stutters, and whether listener distraction is influenced by two factors: self-disclosure and communication competence.

Method: Two hundred seventy-five adults watched a video vignette and were asked to rate their level of distraction when observing an adult Latinx male producing stuttered speech. Each participant watched one of six randomized videos of the same speaker sharing the same content systematically manipulated by (a) presence or absence of 15% stuttering, (b) presence or absence of self-disclosure, and (c) high or low communication competence.

Multicenter Study of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Initiation and Duration of Use in Bronchiolitis.

Background And Objectives: There is a paucity of multicenter data on rates of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) usage in bronchiolitis in the United States, largely because of the absence of standardized coding, with HFNC often subsumed into the larger category of noninvasive mechanical ventilation.

Methods: We examined HFNC utilization in patients with bronchiolitis from a sample of hospitals participating in a national bronchiolitis quality improvement collaborative. Medical records of patients aged <2 years admitted November 2019 to March 2020 were reviewed and hospital-specific bronchiolitis policies were collected.

Improving Clinical Competence Through Simulated Training in Evidence-Based Practice for Stuttering: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effectiveness and acceptability of an initial module (1.1; active listening skills) of the Simulated Training in Evidence-Based Practice for Stuttering (STEPS) program, a theory-driven, multimodule, content and learning platform designed to advance knowledge and skills in working with culturally and linguistically diverse persons who stutter of all ages.

Method: Fifteen preservice speech-language pathologists (SLPs) were randomly assigned to complete either the STEPS 1.

The influence of active listening on parents' perceptions of clinical empathy in a stuttering assessment: A preliminary study.

Purpose: The primary purpose of this preliminary study was to explore whether a clinician's use of active listening skills (i.e., client-directed eye gaze and paraphrasing) influenced parents' perceptions of clinical empathy in a stuttering assessment.

Investigating Narrative Performance in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Narrative assessment is one potentially underutilized and inconsistent method speech-language pathologists may use when considering a diagnosis of developmental language disorder (DLD). However, narration research encompasses many varied methodologies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to (a) investigate how various narrative assessment types (e.

The Impact of Self-Disclosure and Strategies for Communication Competence on Professors' Perceptions and Evaluations of Students Who Do and Do Not Stutter.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of self-disclosure and strategies for communication competence on perceptual ratings and performance evaluations of undergraduate students who do and do not stutter by professors who require oral presentations.

Method: Two hundred thirty-eight college instructors who require oral presentations in their classes participated in this study. Each participant viewed one video of six possible randomized conditions varying according to the presence and disclosure of stuttering (i.

Self-Disclosure Experiences of Adults Who Stutter: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Purpose: Self-disclosure describes the act of revealing personal information to another person. To date, researchers in the area of stuttering have primarily demonstrated the utility of self-disclosure through analysis of listener perceptions. This study explores the utility of informative self-disclosure use from the perspectives of adults who stutter with experience using this strategy over time and across contexts.

Microaggression and the adult stuttering experience.

Background: Microaggressions are subtle insults, invalidations, or slights that target people due to their association with a marginalized group. Microaggressive experiences have been shown to degrade quality of life and corroborate negative stereotypes towards persons with disabilities. To date, minimal research has been dedicated to exploring microaggressions within adults who stutter.

Professors' Perceptions and Evaluations of Students Who Do and Do Not Stutter Following Oral Presentations.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptual ratings and performance evaluations of students who do and do not stutter by professors who require oral presentations. Additionally, this study sought to investigate the influence of behaviors related to communication competence on perceptual and evaluative ratings.

Method: One hundred fifty-eight college instructors who require oral presentations in their classes participated in this study.

Contemporary issues with stuttering: The Fourth Croatia Stuttering Symposium.

Purpose: During the 2019 Fourth Croatia Clinical Symposium, speech-language pathologists (SLPs), scholars, and researchers from 29 countries discussed speech-language pathology and psychological practices for the management of early and persistent stuttering. This paper documents what those at the Symposium considered to be the key contemporary clinical issues for early and persistent stuttering.

Methods: The authors prepared a written record of the discussion of Symposium topics, taking care to ensure that the content of the Symposium was faithfully reproduced in written form.

Preliminary study of self-perceived communication competence amongst adults who do and do not stutter.

Purpose: Adults who stutter report a significant impact of stuttering on their quality of life, including negative thoughts and attitudes toward communication. In addition to this impact, adolescents who stutter also report lower levels of self-perceived communication competence (SPCC) compared to fluent peers. The purpose of this study was to extend the investigation of SPCC to adults who do and do not stutter.

Predictors of communication attitude in preschool-age children who stutter.

Purpose: Although preschool-age children who stutter report more negative attitudes toward communication than their typically fluent peers, few investigations have explored factors that may contribute to the differences observed in communication attitude. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether behavioral characteristics of stuttering severity (frequency, duration, physical concomitants) and time since onset of stuttering predict communication attitude in preschool-age children.

Method: Fifty-nine preschool-aged children who stutter completed two speaking samples and the KiddyCAT, a self-report assessment of communication attitude.

Working memory in adults who stutter using a visual N-back task.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate working memory in adults who do (AWS) and do not (AWNS) stutter using a visual N-back task. Processes involved in an N-back task include encoding, storing, rehearsing, inhibition, temporal ordering, and matching.

Methods: Fifteen AWS (11 males, 4 females; M = 23.

The Communication Benefits of Participation in Camp Dream. Speak. Live.: An Extension and Replication.

School-based guidelines often require that treatment focuses on minimizing or eliminating stuttered speech. The purpose of this study was to examine the benefits of explicit training in communication competencies to children who stutter without targeting stuttered speech. Thirty-seven children (ages 4-16) completed Camp Dream.