Employing foreign caregivers: A qualitative study of the perspectives of older stroke survivors.

Background: Global populations are aging, and the numbers of stroke survivors is increasing. Consequently, the need for caregiver support has increased. Because of this and demographic and socioeconomic changes, foreign caregivers are increasingly in demand in many developed countries.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) is a neuropathologically-defined disease, and it is frequently comorbid with Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change (ADNC). However, the neurological syndrome associated with LATE neuropathological change (LATE-NC) is not defined. We propose a set of clinical criteria for a limbic-predominant amnestic neurodegenerative syndrome (LANS) that is highly associated with LATE-NC.

Internal working models of attachment to mothers and fathers in college students: relations to the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing lockdown disrupted daily life and was related to increased mental health problems across the developmental spectrum, including for emerging adults. Understanding factors that contribute to adjustment during such national crises is critical, and attachment theory may provide a valuable framework for doing so. In the current study, 441 U.

Patient Insights on Integrating Sleep Apnea Testing into Routine Stroke and TIA Care.

AHA/ASA guidelines recommend patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) be considered for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) evaluation, given the high prevalence of OSA and improved outcomes for cerebrovascular disease when OSA is treated. However, OSA testing has not been incorporated into routine cerebrovascular management. We interviewed 30 patients hospitalized for acute stroke/TIA at six Veterans Affairs facilities participating in a stepped-wedge implementation trial to improve timely OSA testing after stroke/TIA.

A Review of Clinical Trials Involving Genetically Modified Bacteria, Bacteriophages and Their Associated Risk Assessments.

Introduction: Discussion of gene-modified investigational products (IPs) in clinical trials has largely focused on nucleic acid-based vectors, viral vectors, and gene-modified cellular products involving mammalian cells. Use of bacteria and bacteriophages as IPs is resurgent, and discussion of the risks associated with genetic modification of these organisms has become pertinent to the biosafety community.

Methods: This review article summarizes the United States Food and Drug Administration classification for IPs comprising bacteria or bacteriophages and provides an overview of clinical trials conducted to date involving genetically modified bacteria.

Associations of blood pressure with white matter hyperintensities later in life; influence of short-term menopausal hormone therapy.

Objective: To assess the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) in recently menopausal women with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume later in life and determine whether short-term menopausal hormone therapy (mHT) modifies these associations.

Methods: Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 4-year mHT trial (oral conjugated equine estrogens or transdermal 17β-estradiol). KEEPS continuation was an observational follow-up of the participants 10 years after the end of mHT.

Relationship of Individual Athlete External Load, Session Rating of Perceived Exertion, and Athlete Playing Status Across a Collegiate Women's Basketball Season.

External (EL) and internal (IL) load are commonly used methods used to quantify training load in team sports. Playing time and playing position may influence the training loads for specific athletes throughout a season. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of athlete playing status and individual in-season practices on EL and IL across a collegiate women's basketball season.

Acute Responses of Low-Load Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) is a popular resistance exercise technique purported to increase metabolic stress and augment training adaptations over time. However, short-term use may lead to acute neuromuscular fatigue and higher exertion ratings. The purpose of the current study was to examine acute physiological responses to low-load resistance exercise utilizing BFR compared to higher-load, non-BFR resistance exercise.

A Roadmap for Implanting Electrode Arrays to Evoke Tactile Sensations Through Intracortical Stimulation.

Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is a method for restoring sensation to people with paralysis as part of a bidirectional brain-computer interface (BCI) to restore upper limb function. Evoking tactile sensations of the hand through ICMS requires precise targeting of implanted electrodes. Here we describe the presurgical imaging procedures used to generate functional maps of the hand area of the somatosensory cortex and subsequent planning that guided the implantation of intracortical microelectrode arrays.

Conventional radiography for the assessment of focal bone lesions of the appendicular skeleton: fundamental concepts in the modern imaging era.

Bone lesions of the appendicular skeleton can be caused by primary benign or malignant tumors, metastases, osteomyelitis, or pseudotumors. Conventional radiography plays a crucial role in the initial assessment of osseous lesions and should not be underestimated even in this era of modern complex and advanced imaging technologies. Combined with patient age, clinical symptoms and biology, and lesion features including location, solitary versus multiplicity, density, margin (transitional zone evaluated with Lodwick-Madewell grading score), and, if present, the type of periosteal reaction and matrix mineralization can narrow the differential diagnosis or offer a likely diagnosis.

Examining Changes in Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Surgery Patterns Among Professional Baseball Players.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze publicly available elbow ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) injury data for professional baseball players.

Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting: A retrospective analysis using an open-source database was performed.

Short-Term Effects of Attaching Animal-Borne Devices on the Behavior of Juvenile Green Turtles.

The use of animal-borne devices (= biologgers) has revolutionized the study of marine megafauna, yet there remains a paucity of data concerning the behavioral and physiological impacts of biologger attachment and retention. Here, we used animal-borne cameras to characterize the behavior and dive duration of juvenile green turtles () in The Bahamas for up to 210 min after biologger deployment ( = 58). For a "control," we used unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) to collect comparable data from nonhandled green turtles ( = 25) in the same habitats.

BioMedGraphica: An All-in-One Platform for Biomedical Prior Knowledge and Omic Signaling Graph Generation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing scientific discovery because of its super capability, following the neural scaling laws, to integrate and analyze large-scale datasets to mine knowledge. Foundation models, large language models (LLMs) and large vision models (LVMs), are among the most important foundations paving the way for general AI by pre-training on massive domain-specific datasets. Different from the well annotated, formatted and integrated large textual and image datasets for LLMs and LVMs, biomedical knowledge and datasets are fragmented with data scattered across publications and inconsistent databases that often use diverse nomenclature systems in the field of AI for Precision Health and Medicine (AI4PHM).

Premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy and Alzheimer's disease imaging biomarkers later in life.

Introduction: Premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy (PBO) before the age of 46 years is associated with an increased risk of dementia. We investigated the long-term effects of PBO performed before age 50 years on amyloid beta (Aβ), tau, and neurodegeneration imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Mayo Clinic Cohort Study of Oophorectomy and Aging-2 participants were divided into early PBO (< 46 years; n = 61), and late PBO (46-49 years; n = 51) groups and were compared to referent women who did not undergo PBO (n = 119).

Pharmacological blocking of spinal GABA receptors in monkeys reduces sensory transmission to the spinal cord, thalamus, and cortex.

A century of research established that GABA inhibits proprioceptive inputs presynaptically to sculpt spinal neural inputs into skilled motor output. Recent results in mice challenged this theory by showing that GABA can also facilitate action potential conduction in proprioceptive afferents. Here, we tackle this controversy in monkeys, the most human-relevant animal model, and show that GABA receptors (GABARs) indeed facilitate sensory inputs to spinal motoneurons and interneurons and that this mechanism also influences sensory transmission to supraspinal centers.

How do researchers identify and recruit dementia caregivers? A scoping review.

Background And Objectives: Studies involving dementia caregivers are essential to transform care and inform new policies. However, identifying and recruiting this population for research is an ongoing challenge. This scoping review aimed to capture the current methodology for identifying and recruiting dementia caregivers in clinical studies.

Novel Dynamic Organ Storage System Enhances Liver Graft Function in a Porcine Donation After Circulatory Death Model.

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) livers face increased risks of critical complications when preserved with static cold storage (SCS). Although machine perfusion (MP) may mitigate these risks, its cost and logistical complexity limit widespread application. We developed the Dynamic Organ Storage System (DOSS), which delivers oxygenated perfusate at 10°C with minimal electrical power requirement and allows real-time effluent sampling in a portable cooler.

HMGA2 Expression Predicts Subtype, Survival, and Treatment Outcome in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: To establish HMGA2 as a marker of basal-like disease in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and explore its use as a biomarker for prognosis and treatment resistance.

Experimental Design: We identified high expression of HMGA2 in basal PDAC cells in a scRNAseq Atlas of 172 patient samples. We then analyzed HMGA2 expression, along with expression of the classical marker GATA6, in a cohort of 580 PDAC samples with multiplex immunohistochemistry.

Structural Dynamics of the Dengue Virus Non-structural 5 (NS5) Interactions with Promoter Stem Loop A (SLA).

The dengue virus (DENV) NS5 protein plays a central role in dengue viral RNA synthesis which makes it an attractive target for antiviral drug development. DENV NS5 is known to interact with the stem-loop A (SLA) promoter at the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the viral genome as a molecular recognition signature for the initiation of negative strand synthesis at the 3' end of the viral genome. However, the conformational dynamics involved in these interactions are yet to be fully elucidated.

Achieving the optimal emergence profile: the role of soft tissue grafting and pontic site development.

Hard and soft tissue remodelling after tooth extraction may result in a concave profile at the subsequent edentulous ridge. This defect may result in a sub-optimal aesthetic transition zone between the soft tissue and the pontic, which may appear to sit on the ridge, rather than emanating from within the ridge, as would a natural tooth. To optimise aesthetics, pontic site augmentation (PSA) (increasing the volume at the pontic site) and pontic site development (PSD) (remodelling the tissue at the pontic site) may provide a solution.

A dataset for energy demand and supply modelling in Sierra Leone.

Energy systems modelling plays a pivotal role in understanding and optimizing complex energy systems. By integrating various factors such as energy demand, supply, infrastructure, and environmental considerations, energy systems modelling provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers. This can be key to informing stakeholder and policy decisions and facilitate the mobilisation of capital and market development to support the development of the energy sector.

Improving Electroencephalography Screening via an Online Module for Neurology Trainees: A Multicenter Study.

Purpose: To investigate the utility of a 15-minute online module to improve the self-confidence and knowledge of neurology trainees when screening an EEG.

Methods: We developed a fast, convenient, and accessible 15-minute online module to teach basic concepts of EEG screening using a five-step approach. To assess the efficacy of the module among neurology trainees, three surveys were developed.

Gestational Diabetes, the Human Milk Metabolome, and Infant Growth and Adiposity.

Importance: Gestational diabetes (GD) is linked to health risks for the birthing parent and infant. The outcomes of GD on human milk composition are mostly unknown.

Objective: To determine associations between GD, the human milk metabolome, and infant growth and body composition.