Bacteremia With Anaerobic Bacteria and Association With Colorectal Cancer: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Background: There is a well-described association between bacteremia with bovis group streptococci or Clostridium septicum and an increased probability of a colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. We wanted to investigate the existence of a similar association between CRC and bacteremia with other bacteria belonging to the gut microbiota..

Tuberculosis incidence and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a Danish nationwide cohort study.

Objectives: To explore changes over time in the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in Denmark in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH).

Methods: In this nationwide, population-based cohort study we included all adult PLWH from the Danish HIV Cohort Study (1995-2017) without previous TB. We estimated TB incidence rate (IR), all-cause mortality rate (MR), associated risk and prognostic factors using Poisson regression.

C-reactive protein and albumin kinetics after antibiotic therapy in community-acquired bloodstream infection.

Objectives: We assessed C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma albumin (PA) kinetics to evaluate community-acquired bloodstream infection (CA-BSI) patients' 1-year outcomes.

Methods: Population-based study, with CRP and PA measurements on day 1 (D1) and D4. Relative CRP variations in relation to D1 CRP value were evaluated (CRP-ratio).

Prescription of antimicrobials in primary health care as a marker to identify people living with undiagnosed HIV infection, Denmark, 1998 to 2016.

BackgroundDevelopment of additional diagnostic strategies for earlier HIV diagnosis are needed as approximately 50% of newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals continue to present late for HIV care.AimWe aimed to analyse antimicrobial consumption in the 3 years preceding HIV diagnosis, assess whether there was a higher consumption in those diagnosed with HIV compared with matched controls and whether the level of consumption was associated with the risk of HIV infection.MethodsWe conducted a nested case-control study, identifying all individuals (n = 2,784 cases) diagnosed with HIV in Denmark from 1998 to 2016 and 13 age-and sex-matched population controls per case (n = 36,192 controls) from national registers.

Improving the evidence for indicator condition guided HIV testing in Europe: Results from the HIDES II Study - 2012 - 2015.

Background: It is cost-effective to perform an HIV test in people with specific indicator conditions (IC) with an undiagnosed HIV prevalence of at least 0.1%. Our aim was to determine the HIV prevalence for 14 different conditions across 20 European countries.

Clinical value of FDG-PET/CT in bacteremia of unknown origin with catalase-negative gram-positive cocci or Staphylococcus aureus.

Introduction: Bacteremia is associated with high mortality, especially when the site of infection is unknown. While conventional imaging usually focus on specific body parts, FDG-PET/CT visualizes hypermetabolic foci throughout the body.

Purpose: To investigate the ability of FDG/PET-CT to detect the site of infection and its clinical impact in bacteremia of unknown origin with catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci (excluding pneumococci and enterococci) or Staphylococcus aureus (BUOCSA).

Risk factors for contagious gastroenteritis in adult patients with diarrhoea in the emergency department - a prospective observational multicentre study.

Background: Infectious gastroenteritis is common in the emergency department (ED). Patients infected with either Norovirus or toxigenic Clostridium difficile require special isolation procedures. The aims were to describe the aetiology of infectious gastroenteritis in the ED, evaluate whether current isolation procedures, based on clinical judgement are sufficient, and to identify information that might be used to identify patients requiring isolation.

Focus of infection and microbiological etiology in community-acquired infections in hospitalized adult patients in the Faroe Islands.

Background: The aim of the present study was to gain national data on the clinical and microbiological characteristics of community-acquired infections in the Faroe Islands and to compare these data with data from other geographical areas.

Methods: A prospective, observational study involving all patients > = 16 years admitted at the Department of Medicine at the National Hospital, Torshavn, Faroe Islands from October 2013 until April 2015.

Results: Of 5279 admissions, 1054 cases were with community-acquired infection and were included in the study.

Real-life data patterns of C-reactive protein and albumin level trajectories around bacteremia.

Aim: To assess trajectory patterns of C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma albumin (PA) levels around bacteremia.

Patients & Methods: Population-based study, 2418 community-acquired bacteremia patients, CRP and PA specimens from 30 days before through 30 days after bacteremia (day 0). A pattern was based on specimen occurring or not in days -30/-1, 0, 1/7 or 8/30.

Epidemiology of community-acquired sepsis in the Faroe Islands - a prospective observational study.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to gather nation-wide epidemiological and clinical data in order to characterize community-acquired sepsis in the Faroe Islands, and to compare these data with epidemiological studies performed in other geographical areas.

Methods: A prospective, observational study conducted from October 2013 until April 2015 to characterize sepsis, and to calculate incidence rates for community-acquired sepsis of any severity, community-acquired severe sepsis, community-acquired septic shock and community-acquired sepsis without community-acquired severe sepsis or community-acquired septic shock.

Results: Of 5279 admissions, 583 cases fulfilled the criteria for community-acquired sepsis of any severity.

Prediction of 28-days mortality with sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), quick SOFA (qSOFA) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) - A retrospective study of medical patients with acute infectious disease.

Aims: Evaluating the use of sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) ≥ 2 compared to quick SOFA (qSOFA) and to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in assessing 28-days mortality in medical patients with acute infection.

Methods: In total, 323 patients with verified infection were stratified in accordance to Sepsis-3. SOFA, qSOFA and SIRS were calculated using registered variables.

Risk of skin cancer in patients with HIV: A Danish nationwide cohort study.

Background: The risk of skin cancer in patients with HIV has not been extensively studied.

Objective: We sought to determine the risk of skin cancer in patients with HIV and compare it with the risk in the background population.

Methods: In a matched, nationwide, population-based cohort study, we compared the risk of skin cancer in 4280 patients with HIV from the Danish HIV cohort study with a background population cohort, according to the level of immunosuppression and route of transmission.

The macrophage activation marker sMR as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with acute infectious disease with or without sepsis.

Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality. This study aims to assess the utility of the soluble mannose receptor (sMR) as a biomarker of sepsis and mortality in patients hospitalized with suspected infection. Using an in-house ELISA assay the concentration of sMR was analyzed in the serum of patients from three prospective studies.

Late Presentation for Care Among Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C: Prevalence and Risk Factors.

Patients with chronic hepatitis C may have advanced fibrosis at first evaluation. Using the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) definition (FibroScan® >9.5 kPa) for "late presenter for care" (LP), we found that 32% (169 of 527) of patients were LP.

Follicular bronchiolitis in an HIV-infected individual on combination antiretroviral therapy with low CD4+ cell count but sustained viral suppression.

A 36-year-old Danish man, living in Asia, was diagnosed with pneumonia (PCP) and HIV in 2013 (CD4+ count: 6 cells/µL; viral load: 518 000 copies/mL). He initiated combination antiretroviral therapy. Later that year, he was also diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and was treated with prednisolone.

Complete manuscript Title: Changes in RANKL during the first two years after cART initiation in HIV-infected cART naïve adults.

Background: By assessing the changes in concentration of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegrin (OPG) after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients we aimed to evaluate whether the initial accelerated bone loss could be mediated by increased soluble RANKL (sRANKL) levels associated with CD4+ T cell recovery.

Methods: We used multiplex immunoassays to determine sRANKL and OPG concentrations in plasma from 48 HIV patients at baseline and 12, 24, 48 and 96 weeks after cART initiation.

Results: Soluble RANKL changed significantly over time (overall p = 0.

Antiretrovirals, Fractures, and Osteonecrosis in a Large International HIV Cohort.

Background: Antiretrovirals (ARVs) affect bone density and turnover, but their effect on risk of fractures and osteonecrosis of the femoral head is less understood. We investigated if exposure to ARVs increases the risk of both bone outcomes.

Methods: EuroSIDA participants were followed to assess fractures and osteonecrosis.

Etiology of Shock in the Emergency Department: A 12-Year Population-Based Cohort Study.

Introduction: The knowledge of the etiology and associated mortality of undifferentiated shock in the emergency department (ED) is limited. We aimed to describe the etiology-based proportions and incidence rates (IR) of shock, as well as the associated mortality in the ED.

Methods: Population-based cohort study at a University Hospital ED in Denmark from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2011.

Plasma cytokines eotaxin, MIP-1α, MCP-4, and vascular endothelial growth factor in acute lower respiratory tract infection.

Major overlaps of clinical characteristics and the limitations of conventional diagnostic tests render the initial diagnosis and clinical management of pulmonary disorders difficult. In this pilot study, we analyzed the predictive value of eotaxin, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 4 (MCP-4), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 40 patients hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). The cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory respiratory diseases, indicating a potential as markers for LRTI.

The cardiovascular risk management for people living with HIV in Europe: how well are we doing?

Objectives: HIV has become a chronic condition associated with comorbidities. We investigated cardiovascular risk and risk modification in a European HIV cohort.

Methods: EuroSIDA patients (from 1 January 2000) for whom cardiovascular risk could be calculated (DAD risk equation) were included in the analysis.

Long-term effectiveness of unboosted atazanavir plus abacavir/lamivudine in subjects with virological suppression: A prospective cohort study.

Effectiveness data of an unboosted atazanavir (ATV) with abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC) switch strategy in clinical routine are scant.We evaluated treatment outcomes of ATV + ABC/3TC in pretreated subjects in the EuroSIDA cohort when started with undetectable plasma HIV-1 viral load (pVL), performing a time to loss of virological response (TLOVR <50 copies/mL) and a snapshot analysis at 48, 96, and 144 weeks. Virological failure (VF) was defined as confirmed pVL >50 copies/mL.

Use of non-antiretroviral drugs among individuals with and without HIV-infection: a Danish nationwide study.

Aim: We investigated the use of non-antiretroviral drugs in the HIV-infected compared to the general population.

Methods: From the Danish HIV Cohort Study, we identified all HIV-infected individuals older than 18 years at HIV diagnosis who received care in Denmark through 1995-2013 and reported no injection drug abuse or hepatitis C infection. Population controls were identified from The Danish Civil Registration System and matched on age and gender (5:1).