Transport pathways across the West African Monsoon as revealed by Lagrangian Coherent Structures.

The West African Monsoon (WAM) system is the main source of rainfall in the agriculturally based region of the Sahel. Understanding transport across the WAM is of crucial importance due to the strong impact of humidity and dust pathways on local cloud formation. However, the description of this transport is challenging due to its 3D complex nature.

Soft tissue reconstruction in the leg by orthopedic surgeons: Practices at an African trauma center.

Introduction: Soft-tissue coverage is a crucial step when treating open tibial fractures, which is often performed by orthopedic surgeons in a low resource setting. The objective of this study was to analyze the use of non-microsurgical flaps to treat such injuries in a West African trauma center.

Hypothesis: Pedicled flaps are reliable procedures that can be used by any orthopedic surgeon for soft-tissue coverage in the leg.

Management of Gustilo type IIIB open tibial shaft fractures with limited resources: experience from an African trauma center.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the management of Gustilo type IIIB open tibia diaphyseal fractures in an African trauma center with respect to soft tissue defect management and bone union achievement. Functional outcome assessment was the secondary objective.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted including patients treated for open tibia fractures requiring flap coverage between 2007 and 2011.