Identification and neuroprotective properties of NA-184, a calpain-2 inhibitor.

Our laboratory has shown that calpain-2 activation in the brain following acute injury is directly related to neuronal damage and the long-term functional consequences of the injury, while calpain-1 activation is generally neuroprotective and calpain-1 deletion exacerbates neuronal injury. We have also shown that a relatively selective calpain-2 inhibitor, referred to as C2I, enhanced long-term potentiation and learning and memory, and provided neuroprotection in the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice. Using molecular dynamic simulation and Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation (SILCS) software, we generated about 130 analogs of C2I and tested them in a number of in vitro and in vivo assays.

Platinum deposition on functionalised graphene for corrosion resistant oxygen reduction electrodes.

Graphene-related materials are promising supports for electrocatalysts due to their stability and high surface area. Their innate surface chemistries can be controlled and tuned functionalisation to improve the stability of both the carbon support and the metal catalyst. Functionalised graphenes were prepared using either aryl diazonium functionalisation or non-destructive chemical reduction, to provide groups adapted for platinum deposition.

Evaluation of community-based CT abdomen for acute abdominal pain during COVID-19.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of community-based imaging to reduce use of inpatient surgical resources and enforce social distancing at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: A prospective evaluation of community-based CT for patients presenting to Christchurch general practitioners with acute abdominal pain from April to November 2020. Eligible patients were discussed with the on-call general surgical team, and then referred for CT abdomen rather than hospital assessment.

Effect of graphene flake size on functionalisation: quantifying reaction extent and imaging locus with single Pt atom tags.

Here, the locus of functionalisation on graphene-related materials and the progress of the reaction is shown to depend strongly on the starting feedstock. Five characteristically different graphite sources were exfoliated and functionalized using a non-destructive chemical reduction method. These archetypical examples were compared a model reaction, grafting dodecyl addends, evaluated with TGA-MS, XPS and Raman data.

New Zealand and Australia emergency laparotomy mortality rates compare favourably to international outcomes: a systematic review.

Background: Almost 20 000 people undergo an emergency laparotomy each year in New Zealand and Australia. Common indications include small and large bowel obstruction, and intestinal perforation. Considered a high-risk procedure, emergency laparotomy is associated with significantly high morbidity and mortality.

Understanding and controlling the covalent functionalisation of graphene.

Chemical functionalisation is one of the most active areas of graphene research, motivated by fundamental science, the opportunities to adjust or supplement intrinsic properties, and the need to assemble materials for a broad array of applications. Historically, the primary consideration has been the degree of functionalisation but there is growing interest in understanding how and where modification occurs. Reactions may proceed preferentially at edges, defects, or on graphitic faces; they may be correlated, uncorrelated, or anti-correlated with previously grafted sites.

Universal scaling relations for the rational design of molecular water oxidation catalysts with near-zero overpotential.

A major roadblock in realizing large-scale production of hydrogen via electrochemical water splitting is the cost and inefficiency of current catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Computational research has driven important developments in understanding and designing heterogeneous OER catalysts using linear scaling relationships derived from computed binding energies. Herein, we interrogate 17 of the most active molecular OER catalysts, based on different transition metals (Ru, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu), and show they obey similar scaling relations to those established for heterogeneous systems.

Psychometric Characteristics of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) in People Undergoing Weight Loss Surgery.

The Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R) has been used extensively across many health conditions to measure patient illness and treatment perceptions. The constructs have an association with treatment adaptation and adherence which, in turn, are considered core factors involved in bariatric surgery outcome. This study examines the factorial validity and internal reliability of a modified (IPQ-R) in bariatric surgery candidates.

Achalasia: a 13-year, single-centre experience comparing endoscopic balloon dilatation and laparoscopic Heller myotomy.

Background: Idiopathic achalasia is a non-curable, primary motility disorder of the oesophagus. Most established long-term palliative treatment options are laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) and endoscopic balloon dilatation (BD).

Aim: We aimed to compare the outcome of both therapies and the risk of serious complications, defined as perforation or death, in a single-centre series.

The Pattern of Adjustments after Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band.

Background: The success of laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) is dependent on gradual adjustments over time. The aim of this study is to describe that pattern of LAGB adjustments that are required after surgery.

Methods: A non-randomized observational study of consecutive LAGB from a single practise.

The high volume debate in a low volume country: centralisation of oesophageal resection in New Zealand.

Aim: Centralisation of oesophageal resection for cancer remains an area of debate. However, no consensus for the requirements of high volume centres yet exists and some low volume centres have been able to produce a comparable outcome. With the small population of New Zealand more than one high volume centre might not be achievable.

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric bands and the effect of living in distant towns.

Aim: To investigate whether the results of laparoscopic adjustable gastric bands (LAGB) are adversely affected when patients live in towns distant from their surgeons.

Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted of patients having LAGB at Christchurch, New Zealand between March 2009 and March 2011. Patient demographics, postoperative band adjustments, and weight loss were recorded.

Birmingham hip resurfacing at a mean of ten years: results from an independent centre.

We report the findings of an independent review of 230 consecutive Birmingham hip resurfacings (BHRs) in 213 patients (230 hips) at a mean follow-up of 10.4 years (9.6 to 11.

Primary oesophageal malignant melanoma.

Introduction: Primary oesophageal malignant melanoma is an extremely rare disease. While this aggressive tumour is generally considered to have a dismal prognosis, long-term survival can be achieved by radical resection in selected cases.

Conclusions: We report two cases of primary oesophageal malignant melanoma treated with Ivor-Lewis oesophagogastrectomy and review the literature.

Ultrasound measurements in the management of unstable hips treated with the pavlik harness: reliability and correlation with outcome.

The purposes of this study were to determine the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of ultrasound measurements in unstable neonatal hips treated with the Pavlik harness and to determine whether ultrasound measurements correlate with radiological outcome at 6 months. Sixty-four babies treated from birth with the Pavlik harness for neonatal hip instability were scanned at 2 and 6 weeks. The alpha and beta angles of Graf, the combined (H) angle of Hosny, and the femoral head coverage (FHC) were measured by 3 observers and remeasured by each observer on a minimum of 50 scans.

Minimally invasive plate fixation of the tibia.

The treatment of fractures of the distal third of the tibia has evolved with the development of improved imaging and surgical techniques. The outcome of treatment using conventional fixation is poor. We report a study on indirect reduction in 26 patients.

Diaphragmatic hernias complicating pregnancy.

Background: Diaphragmatic hernias complicating pregnancy are not a common problem but they can have catastrophic consequences. They can present to the surgeon as a life-threatening emergency or pose a management dilemma when detected incidentally. In this paper, recommendations for the management of non-hiatal maternal diaphragmatic hernias are made based on our experience and the available published reports.

Use of the stages of change model in improving nutrition and exercise habits in enlisted Air Force men.

Thirty-nine U.S. Air Force enlisted men participated in a randomized controlled study that evaluated an experimental program designed to enhance fitness.

Tension hemothorax following abdominal surgery - a rare presentation of congenital diaphragmatic defect.

Background: Small congenital diaphragmatic defects are usually occult, but can present as a problem in patients with increased abdominal fluid as unilateral massive hydrothorax. We present a unique case presentation of a small congenital diaphragmatic defect.

Case Report: A 79 female immediately postoperatively developed a hydrothorax following low anterior resection for rectal cancer.

Relationships among scrotal and testicular characteristics, sperm production, and seminal quality in 129 beef bulls.

Standard breeding soundness examinations plus measurement of scrotal surface temperature (SST), internal/scrotal testicular temperatures, testicular ultrasonographic echotexture, daily sperm production, and epididymal sperm reserves were conducted on 129, 16-month-old crossbred beef bulls. There were significant positive linear correlations between SST and internal scrotal/testicular temperatures, a positive linear regression (P < 0.06) of bottom SST with the incidence of secondary sperm defects, but a negative linear regression (P < 0.