Effects of sodium bisulfate or sodium sesquicarbonate as a sodium source in broiler chicken diets with or without a coccidiosis challenge.

Broilers commonly experience stressors such as coccidiosis, a parasitic infection that results in intestinal damage, malabsorption, and performance losses. The poultry industry is exploring alternatives to anticoccidials for controlling coccidiosis, especially through the enhancement of gut health. Sodium bisulfate (NaHSO; SBS), an acid salt, has been used for many years as a litter acidifier to reduce aerial ammonia in poultry housing.

Effects of amino acid biomass or feed-grade amino acids on growth performance of growing swine and poultry.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of three fermented amino acids (AA) with their respective biomass compared to crystalline AA on the growth performance of swine and poultry. In experiment 1, 315 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, initially 11.3 ± 0.

Research Note: Evaluation of manganese hydroxychloride in 45-wk-old white leghorn layers using yolk and shell manganese content.

The objective of the current study was to evaluate increasing levels of manganese hydroxychloride (MHC) in 45-wk-old white leghorn laying hens, using yolk and shell manganese (Mn) content as a potential marker for Mn concentration. A total of 80, 45-wk-old white leghorns were assigned to 6 dietary treatments, each consisting of 14 individually caged laying hens, with the exception of the reference diet containing 10 individually caged laying hens. The experiment consisted of a reference diet that contained 70 ppm of supplemental inorganic Mn in the form of Mn oxide and 5 experimental treatments each containing 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 ppm supplemental MHC.

Sanitization of Chicken Frames by a Combination of Hydrogen Peroxide and UV Light To Reduce Contamination of Derived Edible Products.

Chicken carcass frames are used to obtain mechanically separated chicken (MSC) for use in other further processed food products. Previous foodborne disease outbreaks involving contaminated MSC have demonstrated the potential for the human pathogen to be transmitted to consumers via MSC. The current study evaluated the efficacy of multiple treatments applied to the surfaces of chicken carcass frames to reduce microbial loads on noninoculated frames and frames inoculated with a cocktail of serovar Enteritidis and serovar Typhimurium.

Within-House Spatial Distribution of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Poultry Litter.

Land application of poultry litter is often considered to be a major source of water pollutants in poultry-producing regions. However, reported levels of fecal indicator microorganisms in litter vary widely, with considerable variation possible within houses and across farms, depending on management practices. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the levels and distribution of indicator microorganisms within 12 broiler farms representing three companies.

Advanced Oxidation Process sanitization of hatching eggs reduces Salmonella in broiler chicks.

The microbial quality of eggs entering the hatchery is an important critical control point for biosecurity, pathogen reduction, and food safety programs in poultry production. Developing interventions to reduce Salmonella contamination of eggs is important to improving the microbial food safety of poultry and poultry products. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ultraviolet light (UV) Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) has been previously demonstrated to be effective in reducing Salmonella on the surface of experimentally contaminated eggs.

Advanced oxidation process sanitization of eggshell surfaces.

The microbial quality of eggs entering the hatchery represents an important critical control point for biosecurity and pathogen reduction programs in integrated poultry production. The development of safe and effective interventions to reduce microbial contamination on the surface of eggs will be important to improve the overall productivity and microbial food safety of poultry and poultry products. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ultraviolet (UV) light advanced oxidation process is a potentially important alternative to traditional sanitizers and disinfectants for egg sanitation.

Comparison of eggshell surface sanitization technologies and impacts on consumer acceptability.

Shell eggs can be contaminated with many types of microorganisms, including bacterial pathogens, and thus present a risk for the transmission of foodborne disease to consumers. Currently, most United States egg processors utilize egg washing and sanitization systems to decontaminate surfaces of shell eggs prior to packaging. However, previous research has indicated that current shell egg sanitization technologies employed in the commercial egg industry may not completely eliminate bacteria from the surface of eggshells, and thus alternative egg sanitization technologies with the potential for increased microbial reductions on eggshells should be investigated.

Disinfection of eggshells using ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide independently and in combination.

Poor hatchability can occur due to eggshell bacterial contamination, which can be decreased by UV light or H(2)O(2) alone. However, antimicrobial effects of these 2 treatments combined, as well as optimum length of UV exposure, are not known. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the optimum length of UV exposure for maximum bacterial reduction and to determine if a greater bacterial reduction would occur using a combination of UV and H(2)O(2) compared with either treatment alone.

Measurement of broiler litter production rates and nutrient content using recycled litter.

It is important for broiler producers to know litter production rates and litter nutrient content when developing nutrient management plans. Estimation of broiler litter production varies widely in the literature due to factors such as geographical region, type of housing, size of broiler produced, and number of flocks reared on the same litter. Published data for N, P, and K content are also highly variable.

Effects of top-dressing recycled broiler litter on litter production, litter characteristics, and nitrogen mass balance.

Top-dressing is a method of broiler litter management in which a thin layer of new, clean litter material is spread over the top of previously used litter prior to placement of a new flock. This fresh layer of bedding material increases the absorptive capacity of the litter and decreases litter caking. Although this practice has been widely used in the poultry industry for many years, no research has been conducted to quantify the effects the practice has on broiler performance, litter production rates, and nutrient content, or the ability of broiler litter to retain manure N and prevent volatilization.

Nitrogen emissions from broilers measured by mass balance over eighteen consecutive flocks.

Emission of nitrogen in the form of ammonia from poultry rearing facilities has been an important topic for the poultry industry because of concerns regarding the effects of ammonia on the environment. Sound scientific data is needed to accurately estimate air emissions from poultry operations. Many factors, such as season of the year, ambient temperature and humidity, bird health, and management practices can influence ammonia volatilization from broiler rearing facilities.

Impact of dietary supplemental methionine sources on sensory measurement of odor-related compounds in broiler excreta.

An experiment was conducted to detect differences in odor characteristics of broiler excreta due to utilization of different supplementary Met sources by a trained human descriptive aroma attribute sensory panel. The 5 treatment groups were no supplemental Met (control group), sodium methioninate aqueous solution, dry Met hydroxy analogue, liquid Met hydroxy analogue, and DL-Met. Two trials were conducted consisting of 5 treatment groups with 3 replications of 13 randomly distributed straight run broiler chicks per pen reared in battery cages.

The impact of supplemental dietary methionine sources on volatile compound concentrations in broiler excreta.

The impact of different Met sources on broiler fecal odor volatiles was determined by evaluating the types of sulfur compounds produced in broiler excreta. Two experiments were conducted using straight-run broiler chicks randomly distributed in battery cages, with 3 replicate pens of 16 birds each. The treatment groups were 1) dry Met hydroxy analogue (dry MetHA), 2) sodium methioninate aqueous solution (NaMet), 3) liquid Met hydroxy analogue (Liq MetHA), 4) D,L- Met, and 5) no supplemental Met (control group).

The impact of methionine source on poultry fecal matter odor volatiles.

To determine the impact of Met source on volatile compounds of broiler excreta, 2 trials were conducted using straight-run broiler chicks that were randomly distributed in battery cages with 3 replicate pens of 16 birds each. The treatment groups were 1) dry Met hydroxy analogue (52% Met activity), 2) sodium methioninate aqueous solution (45.9% Met activity), 3) liquid Met hydroxy analogue (88% Met activity), 4) DL-Met, (98% Met activity), and 5) no supplemental Met.

Evaluation of a method of ultraviolet light sanitation of broiler hatching eggs.

Sanitation of hatching eggs is an important area of research due to the need for an effective, economical, and safe method of egg sanitation. Improved hatching egg sanitation is an important part of an overall pathogen reduction program within integrated poultry operations. This must be accomplished without disturbing the cuticle of the egg, which can decrease hatchability.

Reduction of eggshell aerobic plate counts by ultraviolet irradiation.

The effects of 254 nm ultraviolet light (UV) radiation on aerobic plate count (APC) of egg shells were investigated. In the first experiment, eggs were exposed to UV treatment (7.35 mW/cm2) for 0, 15, 30, and 60 s.

Comparison of eggshell surface microbial populations for in-line and off-line commercial egg processing facilities.

The objective of this project was to evaluate the aerobic plate counts (APC) of eggshells at in-line and off-line egg processing facilities at selected sites, throughout the processing procedure. Samples were collected from four sites in the processing plant and five time periods during the daily processing shift. Site 1 was from the conveyor system before the eggs passed through the washing system.

Treatment of complex lateral plateau fractures using Ilizarov techniques.

Fourteen high energy atypical Schatzker Types I and II fractures were treated using a combination of contemporary internal fixation techniques and Ilizarov methodologies. Fracture were atypical if the primary lateral condylar fracture line extended anteromedially with complete detachment of the tibial tubercle, or posteromedially with extension into the medial or posterior medial tibial condyle, both in association with comminution of the lateral condyle and impaction of the lateral articular surface. Preoperative traction computed tomography scans were used to direct incisions to the area of joint involvement.