Serum S100B Level in the Management of Pediatric Minor Head Trauma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Minor head trauma (HT) is one of the most common causes of hospitalization in children. A diagnostic test could prevent unnecessary hospitalizations and cranial computed tomographic (CCT) scans.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of serum S100B values in reducing exposure to CCT scans and in-hospital observation in children with minor HT.

Impact of Nanoparticles on Male Fertility: What Do We Really Know? A Systematic Review.

The real impact of nanoparticles on male fertility is evaluated after a careful analysis of the available literature. The first part reviews animal models to understand the testicular biodistribution and biopersistence of nanoparticles, while the second part evaluates their in vitro and in vivo biotoxicity. Our main findings suggest that nanoparticles are generally able to reach the testicle in small quantities where they persist for several months, regardless of the route of exposure.

Characterization of the elemental and particle load of patient exhaled breath condensate and comparison with pulmonary lavages.

In the field of biomonitoring, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is described as a potentially useful matrix for assessing inhalation exposure biomarkers in a non-invasive way. However, it is still unclear to what extent EBC is representative of the deep lung. To address this knowledge gap, EBC, bronchial washes (BWs), and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) were collected from 82 patients suffering from interstitial lung diseases (ILDs).

Tumor-Derived Exosomal RNA From Fine-Needle Aspiration Supernatant as a Novel Liquid Biopsy for Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer.

We hypothesized that the fine needle aspiration (FNA) supernatant from tumor might contain tumor-derived exosomes. The objective of this pilot study was to test if tumor-derived exosomal RNA could be found in FNA supernatants for molecular diagnosis of cancer. 10 FNA samples from pancreatic tumor were included.

Azoospermia: Is it worth waiting for the confirmation of the semen abnormality to start an infertility assessment?

Azoospermia is found in about 1% of men in the general population and in about 10%-15% of infertile men. Upon discovery of semen analysis abnormality, another test must be performed after an interval of 3 months before any other infertility work-up. This research aimed at evaluating the benefit of waiting for the control test.

Multiparametric investigation of non functionalized-AGuIX nanoparticles in 3D human airway epithelium models demonstrates preferential targeting of tumor cells.

Liquid deposit mimicking surface aerosolization in the airway is a promising strategy for targeting bronchopulmonary tumors with reduced doses of nanoparticle (NPs). In mimicking and studying such delivery approaches, the use of human in vitro 3D culture models can bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and small animal investigations. Here, we exposed airway epithelia to liquid-apical gadolinium-based AGuIX NPs in order to determine their safety profile.

Quantitative Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment in RAW 264.7 Macrophages after Exposure to Pristine, Acid Functionalized, or Annealed Carbon Nanotubes.

Conventional nanotoxicological assays are subjected to various interferences with nanoparticles and especially carbon nanotubes. A multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) methodology was developed here as an alternative to quantify oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and later cytotoxic and genotoxic events. The experiments were conducted on RAW264.

Chronic Oral Exposure to Synthetic Amorphous Silica (NM-200) Results in Renal and Liver Lesions in Mice.

Introduction: Silicon dioxide, produced as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), is made of nanoparticles (NPs), either present as such or as agglomerates and aggregates, and is widely used in many types of food processes and products as an additive. To assess whether repeated, long-term exposure to SAS NPs may result in adverse effects, mice were exposed for 18 months drinking water to NM-200, one of the reference nanostructured silica used for applications related to food, at 4.8 mg NM-200/kg body weight per day, a dose relevant to the estimated dietary exposure to SAS in humans.

Comparison of cytology, chest computed and positron emission tomography findings in malignant pleural effusion from lung cancer.

Background: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common medical problem in lung cancer (LC). Pleural fluid cytology (PFC), chest computed tomography (CCT) and positron emission tomography (PET) findings are helpful as first line approach. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether there is a correlation between PFC, CCT and PET in patients with MPE due to LC.

Assessment of cellular adequacy of fine needle aspiration biopsy for small solid renal tumors.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the performance of fine needle aspiration (FNA) as a method for obtaining cellular material for the tissue diagnosis of small solid renal tumours.

Methods: Fifty-five patients with a small solid renal tumour (4 cm or smaller) underwent a FNA biopsy under computed tomography guidance. Direct smears and rinse of needle with Cytolyt® were prepared.

A method for the quantitative extraction of gold nanoparticles from human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids through a glycerol gradient.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a diagnostic procedure which samples the cellular and non-cellular components of the pulmonary epithelial surface. The inherent biological noise of BAL fluids inhibits their direct mineralogical analysis while currently available particle retrieval protocols are suspected to impose quantitative and qualitative bias on the studied particle load. This study presents a simple method for the near-lossless extraction of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles from human BAL fluids at sub-ppm levels which enables their quantitation and surface characterization.

Ex vivo detection and quantification of gold nanoparticles in human seminal and follicular fluids.

Increasing consumption of engineered nanoparticles and occupational exposure to novel, ultrafine airborne particles during the last decades has coincided with deterioration of sperm parameters and delayed fecundity. In order to prevent possible adverse health effects and ensure a sustainable growth for the nanoparticle industry, the ability to investigate the nanosized, mineralogical load of human reproductive systems is becoming a real clinical need. Toward this goal, the current study proposes two methods for the detection and quantification of engineered nanoparticles in human follicular and seminal fluid, developed with the use of well-defined 60 nm Au particles.

EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and HER2 testing in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma: Value of testing on samples with poor specimen adequacy and analysis of discrepancies.

Molecular testing on metastatic lung adenocarcinoma or on non-small cell non-squamous lung carcinoma often relies on small specimen. In this group of patient with poor specimen adequacy, we analyzed the rate of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and HER2 mutations compared to their rate in optimal specimen. We analyzed discrepancies in molecular testing results in patients with iterative analysis on several samples.

EBUS-TBNA Can Distinguish Sarcoid-Like Side Effect of Nivolumab Treatment from Tumor Progression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

With the expansion of immunotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer, clinicians have to face new clinical pictures and adapt their practice. We report the case of a 69-year-old man diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer using endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and treated with nivolumab as second-line therapy. After 8 injections of nivolumab, a new CT and PET scan revealed massive growth and increase in metabolism of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, whereas the size and metabolism of the left upper lobe lesion were reduced.

Impact of silica nanoparticle surface chemistry on protein corona formation and consequential interactions with biological cells.

Nanoparticles (NP) physico-chemical features greatly influence NP/cell interactions. NP surface functionalization is often used to improve NP biocompatibility or to enhance cellular uptake. But in biological media, the formation of a protein corona adds a level of complexity.

Difficult endoscopic diagnosis of a pancreatic plasmacytoma: Case report and review of literature.

A 71-year-old man, with history of plasmacytoma in relapse since one year, was hospitalized for a initial presentation of acute pancreatitis and hepatitis. Although there was a heterogeneous infiltration around the pancreas head, the diagnosis of an extramedullary localization of his plasmacytoma was not made until later. This delayed diagnosis was due to the lack of specific radiologic features and the lack of dilatation of biliary ducts at the admission.

Development of an ex vivo human-porcine respiratory model for preclinical studies.

Anatomical models to study aerosol delivery impose huge limitations and extrapolation to humans remains controversial. This study aimed to develop and validate an ex vivo human-like respiratory tract model easy to use and relevant to compare to in vivo human data. A human plastinated head is connected to an ex vivo porcine pulmonary tract ventilated artificially by passive expansion.

The level of epidermal growth factor receptors expression is correlated with the advancement of colorectal adenoma: validation of a surface biomarker.

Introduction: Data about the expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFRs) in colorectal adenomas remain scarce.

Results: 101 patients were enrolled including 53 controls. All adenomas (n = 38) and CRC (n = 5) were EGFR positive.

Detection of urinary cell-free miR-210 as a potential tool of liquid biopsy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Recent findings show that cell-free miRNAs are stable in biological fluid. Urine provides an alternative to blood serum or plasma as a potential source of tumor biomarkers. MiR-210 is proven to be overexpressed in patients with a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Affinity of Indocyanine Green in the Detection of Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis.

Indocyanine green (ICG) is increasingly being used in digestive oncology. In colorectal cancer, ICG can be used to detect lymph node metastasis and hepatic metastasis on the surface of the liver. In peritoneal carcinomatosis, it was previously suspected that the diffusion of ICG in the tumor mass was due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect; however, this phenomenon has not been clearly demonstrated.

CA9 as a biomarker in preoperative biopsy of small solid renal masses for diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to test the utility of CA9 expression in preoperative biopsy samples to identify the ccRCC.

Materials And Methods: A total of 55 patients with a small solid renal mass (≤4 cm) entered into this study. The immunohistochemical staining (51 samples) and RT-PCR (33 samples) were performed to detect CA9 expression.