Complement C5a Implication in Axonal Growth After Injury.

Complement C5a protein has been shown to play a major role in tissue regeneration through interaction with its receptor (C5aR) on target cells. Expression of this receptor has been reported in the nervous system which, upon injury, has no treatment to restore the lost functions. This work aimed at investigating the Complement C5a effect on axonal growth after axotomy in vitro.

Bone Marrow Adiposity Alterations in Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Are Site-Specific.

Context: Bone marrow adiposity (BMAT) alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may contribute to adverse bone effects.

Objective: Characterization of BMAT content and composition in patients with well-controlled T2DM.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2 groups of postmenopausal women: one with T2DM and the other without.

Standardized reporting of spine and sacroiliac joints in axial spondyloarthritis MRI: from the ESSR-Arthritis Subcommittee.

Objectives: Apply a modified Delphi-based approach and produce a practical, radiology-specific set of definitions for interpretation and standardization of the multiple MRI findings in axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA), specifically to aid the general radiologist with a musculoskeletal interest, working with gold standard basic MRI protocols.

Materials And Methods: We report the results of a modified Delphi-based consensus of 35 experts from 13 countries in the Arthritis Subcommittee of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR). Seventeen definitions were created (i.

Patellar Instability: Imaging Findings.

Patellofemoral instability results from impaired engagement of the patella in the trochlear groove at the start of flexion and may lead to pain and lateral patellar dislocation. It occurs most frequently in adolescents and young adults during sporting activities. Trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, and excessive lateralization of the tibial tuberosity are the most common risk factors for patellar instability.

Commercially-available AI algorithm improves radiologists' sensitivity for wrist and hand fracture detection on X-ray, compared to a CT-based ground truth.

Objectives: Algorithms for fracture detection are spreading in clinical practice, but the use of X-ray-only ground truth can induce bias in their evaluation. This study assessed radiologists' performances to detect wrist and hand fractures on radiographs, using a commercially-available algorithm, compared to a computerized tomography (CT) ground truth.

Methods: Post-traumatic hand and wrist CT and concomitant X-ray examinations were retrospectively gathered.

Crystal Diseases of the Spine.

Gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, and apatite calcifications, the three main crystal disorders, may involve the spine. These disorders can be completely asymptomatic or associated with various clinical symptoms, such as acute flares and more chronic manifestations. This article presents the typical and more unusual imaging features encountered in these disorders.

Metaphyseal and Diaphyseal Contours: Variants and Pitfalls.

We discuss several variants of the metaphyseal and diaphyseal bone surfaces that may be misleading in clinical practice. They include metaphyseal stripes, spiculated metaphyseal cortex, cortical desmoid, laminated lateral supracondylar ridge, cortical vascular canals, variations in shape or lucency of normal tuberosities, cortical thickening of normal ridges, and well-organized undulated hyperostosis at the proximal phalanges.

Relationship between bone marrow adipose tissue and kidney function in postmenopausal women.

Introduction: Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is associated with aging, osteoporosis, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). To date, the association between BMAT and kidney function in postmenopausal women has not been thoroughly investigated. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and kidney function in postmenopausal women.

Myosteatosis and bone marrow adiposity are not associated among postmenopausal women with fragility fractures.

Objectives: Although paravertebral intramuscular fatty infiltration (known as myosteatosis) following a vertebral fracture is well-known, scarce data are available regarding interactions between muscle, bone, and other fat depots. Based on a homogeneous cohort comprising postmenopausal women with or without a history of fragility fracture, we aimed to better depict the interrelationship between myosteatosis and bone marrow adiposity (BMA).

Methods: 102 postmenopausal women were included, 56 of whom had a fragility fracture.

Detection and quantification of pulmonary embolism with artificial intelligence: The SFR 2022 artificial intelligence data challenge.

Purpose: In 2022, the French Society of Radiology together with the French Society of Thoracic Imaging and CentraleSupelec organized their 13th data challenge. The aim was to aid in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, by identifying the presence of pulmonary embolism and by estimating the ratio between right and left ventricular (RV/LV) diameters, and an arterial obstruction index (Qanadli's score) using artificial intelligence.

Materials And Methods: The data challenge was composed of three tasks: the detection of pulmonary embolism, the RV/LV diameter ratio, and Qanadli's score.

Interdisciplinary consensus statements on imaging of DRUJ instability and TFCC injuries.

Objectives: The purpose of this agreement was to establish evidence-based consensus statements on imaging of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries by an expert group using the Delphi technique.

Methods: Nineteen hand surgeons developed a preliminary list of questions on DRUJ instability and TFCC injuries. Radiologists created statements based on the literature and the authors' clinical experience.

Elbow trauma in children: development and evaluation of radiological artificial intelligence models.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop a model using artificial intelligence (A.I.) able to detect post-traumatic injuries on pediatric elbow X-rays then to evaluate its performances in silico and its impact on radiologists' interpretation in clinical practice.

Bone Marrow Adiposity and Fragility Fractures in Postmenopausal Women: The ADIMOS Case-Control Study.

Context: Noninvasive assessment of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may improve the prediction of fractures.

Objective: This work aimed to determine if an association exists between PDFF and fractures.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Lille University Hospital, Lille, France, with 2 groups of postmenopausal women: one with recent osteoporotic fractures, and the other with no fractures.

Anatomical Variants of the Sacroiliac Joint.

Anatomical variants are frequently encountered when assessing the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) using magnetic resonance imaging. When not located in the weight-bearing part of the SIJ, variants associated with structural and edematous changes can be misinterpreted as sacroiliitis. Their correct identification is necessary to avoid radiologic pitfalls.

Presurgical Perspective and Postsurgical Evaluation of Non-Achilles Tendons of the Ankle and Retinaculum.

The vast majority of non-Achilles ankle tendinopathies are related to overuse. This article discusses the clinical aspect, imaging appearance, and management of tendinopathies of the lateral, medial, and the anterior compartments with a focus on presurgical perspective and postsurgical evaluation.

Osteogenic Potential of a Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogel Functionalized with Poly-Lysine Dendrigrafts (DGL) for Bone Regeneration.

Resorbable hydrogels are widely used as scaffolds for tissue engineering. These hydrogels can be modified by grafting dendrimer-linked functionalized molecules (dendrigrafts). Our aim was to develop a tunable poly(L-lysine) dendrigrafts (DGL)/PEG-based hydrogel with an inverse porosity and to investigate its osteogenic potential.

Anatomical study of the dorsal capsulo-scapholunate septum using high frequency ultrasonography.

Introduction: The dorsal capsulo-scapholunate septum (DCSS) is a recently described capsuloligamentous structure between the dorsal bundle of the scapholunate ligament (SLL) and the joint capsule of the wrist. It acts a secondary stabilizer of the scapholunate joint. The aim of this study was to evaluate the visibility and normal appearance of DCSS on high frequency ultrasound.

Quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of bone marrow perfusion at the proximal femur: influence of femoral head osteonecrosis risk factor and overt osteonecrosis.

Objective: To evaluate the MRI perfusion changes in patients with risk factors for osteonecrosis and normally appearing femoral heads prior to overt femoral head osteonecrosis.

Methods: Fifty-eight patients (105 hips) were prospectively included in this ethics committee-approved study. There were 46 hips with no image anomalies and no risk factors for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) risk factors, 38 with ONFH risk factors and no image abnormalities, and 21 with overt ONFH.

Generative adversarial networks (GAN)-based data augmentation of rare liver cancers: The SFR 2021 Artificial Intelligence Data Challenge.

Purpose: The 2021 edition of the Artificial Intelligence Data Challenge was organized by the French Society of Radiology together with the Centre National d'Études Spatiales and CentraleSupélec with the aim to implement generative adversarial networks (GANs) techniques to provide 1000 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cases of macrotrabecular-massive (MTM) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a rare and aggressive subtype of HCC, generated from a limited number of real cases from multiple French centers.

Materials And Methods: A dedicated platform was used by the seven inclusion centers to securely upload their anonymized MRI examinations including all three cross-sectional images (one late arterial and one portal-venous phase T1-weighted images and one fat-saturated T2-weighted image) in compliance with general data protection regulation. The quality of the database was checked by experts and manual delineation of the lesions was performed by the expert radiologists involved in each center.

Anatomical study of the sternoclavicular joint using high-frequency ultrasound.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether ultrasound enables assessment of sternoclavicular structures.

Methods: A preliminary study in 3 cadavers was followed by an ultrasound study, performed by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists working in consensus, in 59 patients without history of trauma, surgery or pain in the sternoclavicular joint. The visibility, echogenicity and thickness of the sternoclavicular structures were assessed.

Main Diagnostic Pitfalls in Reading the Sacroiliac Joints on MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints is now frequently performed to help identify patients with early axial spondyloarthritis. However, differential diagnoses exist and should be recognized. The aim of this article is to review the most frequent differential diagnoses that may mimic inflammatory sacroiliitis in clinical practice.

Minimally invasive removal of deep contraceptive implants under continuous ultrasound guidance is effective, quick, and safe.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, performance, and complications of a non-surgical, minimally-invasive procedure of deep contraceptive implant removal under continuous ultrasound guidance.

Methods: The ultrasound-guided procedure consisted of local anesthesia using lidocaine chlorhydrate 1% (10 mg/mL) with a 21-G needle, followed by hydrodissection using NaCl 0.9% (9 mg/mL) and implant extraction using a Hartmann grasping microforceps.

Three artificial intelligence data challenges based on CT and ultrasound.

Purpose: The 2020 edition of these Data Challenges was organized by the French Society of Radiology (SFR), from September 28 to September 30, 2020. The goals were to propose innovative artificial intelligence solutions for the current relevant problems in radiology and to build a large database of multimodal medical images of ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) on these subjects from several French radiology centers.

Materials And Methods: This year the attempt was to create data challenge objectives in line with the clinical routine of radiologists, with less preprocessing of data and annotation, leaving a large part of the preprocessing task to the participating teams.

Interdisciplinary consensus statements on imaging of scapholunate joint instability.

Objectives: The purpose of this agreement was to establish evidence-based consensus statements on imaging of scapholunate joint (SLJ) instability by an expert group using the Delphi technique.

Methods: Nineteen hand surgeons developed a preliminary list of questions on SLJ instability. Radiologists created statements based on the literature and the authors' clinical experience.