Large disparities in 28-day case fatality by stroke subtype: data from a French stroke registry between 2008 and 2017.

Background And Purpose: The objectives of the present analysis were to assess 28-day stroke case fatality according to the stroke aetiology and to identify associated factors.

Methods: All stroke events in adults aged ≥35 years between 2008 and 2017 were collected in a population-based stroke registry in northern France.

Results: Out of a total of 2933 strokes, there were 479 (16%) haemorrhagic strokes and 2454 (84%) ischaemic strokes; the 28-day case fatality rates were 48% and 15%, respectively.

Identification of a functional FADS1 3'UTR variant associated with erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids levels.

Background: Blood polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels are determined by diet and by endogenous synthesis via Δ5- and Δ6-desaturases (encoded by the FADS1 and FADS2 genes, respectively). Genome-wide association studies have reported associations between FADS1-FADS2 polymorphisms and the plasma concentrations of PUFAs, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. However, much remains unknown regarding the molecular mechanisms explaining how variants affect the function of FADS1-FADS2 genes.

Comparison of the rates of stroke and acute coronary events in northern France.

Background Although stroke and acute coronary events share several risk factors, few studies have compared population-level epidemiological surveillance indicators of the two diseases in the same age range and in the same geographical area. Design The objective of the present study was to compare the rate of acute coronary events with that of stroke among inhabitants aged from 35-74 years in Northern France (Lille). Methods All incident and recurrent acute coronary events and stroke events occurring in men and women over 2008-2014 were recorded using two population-based registries with several overlapping sources of case ascertainment for hospitalised/non-hospitalised and fatal/non-fatal events.

Sex Differences in Stroke Attack, Incidence, and Mortality Rates in Northern France.

Background: Age and sex have a major impact on stroke onset.

Aims: We aimed to compare the attack, incidence, and 28-day mortality rate for stroke as well as risk factors in men and women aged 35 and over.

Methods: Data were obtained between 2008 and 2015 from the stroke population-based registry covering the city of Lille (northern France).

Changes over time in the prevalence and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors, and contributions to time trends in coronary mortality over 25 years in the Lille urban area (northern France).

Background: The long-term collection of population-based data should improve our knowledge of the contribution of trend in cardiovascular risk factors to the steady fall in mortality associated with coronary heart disease in high-income countries.

Aims: To assess long-term time trends in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, estimated coronary heart disease risk and mortality between 1986 and 2013 in the Lille urban area (northern France).

Methods: We studied representative samples of inhabitants of the Lille urban area (aged 40-64 years) in 1986-1988 (n=860), 1995-1996 (n=1021), 2005-2007 (n=1021) and 2011-2013 (n=1636), together with data from the Lille MONICA registry.

Score of Adherence to 2016 European Cardiovascular Prevention Guidelines Predicts Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in the General Population.

Background: Guidelines on cardiovascular (CV) disease prevention promote healthy lifestyle behaviours and CV risk factor control to reduce CV risk. The effect of adherence to these guidelines on CV and all-cause mortality is not well known.

Methods: We assessed the effect of baseline adherence to "2016 European Guidelines on CV Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice" on long-term CV and all-cause mortality in a sample recruited from the French general population.

Dietary linoleic acid interacts with FADS1 genetic variability to modulate HDL-cholesterol and obesity-related traits.

Background & Aims: Blood levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are under control of endogenous synthesis via Δ5- and Δ6-desaturases, encoded by the FADS1 and FADS2 genes, respectively and of diet. Genome-wide associations studies (GWAS) reported associations between polymorphisms in FADS1-FADS2 and variations in plasma concentrations of PUFAs, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. However, it is not established whether dietary PUFAs intake modulates these associations.

Impact of cardiovascular risk factor control on long-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population.

Purpose: In clinical trials, lowering cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) reduces cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. We assessed the impact of controlling CVRFs at baseline on long-term all-cause and CV mortality in the general population.

Methods: Analysis was based on the Third French MONICA population-based survey (1994-1997).

Expired-air carbon monoxide as a predictor of 16-year risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality.

Background: Measurement of expired-air carbon monoxide (EACO) is commonly used to ascertain non-smoking status, although it can also reflect exposures not related to smoking. Our aim was to assess 16-year mortality according to EACO measured at baseline, in a general population.

Methods: Our analysis was based on the Third French MONICA population survey (1994-1997).

Age- and sex-specific causal effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors.

Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. We used a Mendelian randomization approach, applying a set of 32 genetic markers to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, glycemic indices, circulating lipid levels, and markers of inflammation and liver disease in up to 67,553 individuals.

Omega-3 index levels and associated factors in a middle-aged French population: the MONA LISA-NUT Study.

Background/objectives: The omega-3 index (the summed percentage content of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in red blood cells) is associated with a lower risk of fatal coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death. We aimed to determine which socio-demographic, behavioural or clinical factors are independently associated with the omega-3 index and the extent to which seafood consumption mediates the index's association with socio-economic status (SES).

Subjects/methods: As part of the cross-sectional MONA LISA-NUT survey (2005-2007), gas chromatography was used to analyse the red blood cell fatty acid composition in 503 French subjects aged 35-64 years.

Effects of established BMI-associated loci on obesity-related traits in a French representative population sample.

Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified variants associated with obesity-related traits, such as the body mass index (BMI). We sought to determine how the combination of 31 validated, BMI-associated loci contributes to obesity- and diabetes-related traits in a French population sample. The MONA LISA Lille study (1578 participants, aged 35-74) constitutes a representative sample of the population living in Lille (northern France).

14-Year risk of all-cause mortality according to hypoglycaemic drug exposure in a general population.

Purpose: Guidelines for management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus recommend the use of hypoglycaemic drugs when lifestyle interventions remain insufficient for glycaemic control. Recent trials have provided worrying safety data on certain hypoglycaemic drugs. The aim of this study was to assess 14-year risk of all-cause mortality according to hypoglycaemic drug exposure at baseline, in a general population.

Attitudes toward healthy eating: a mediator of the educational level-diet relationship.

Background/objectives: A higher educational level is associated with a healthier diet. The goal of this study was to establish whether this association is mediated by attitudes toward healthy eating.

Subjects/methods: The cross-sectional MONA LISA-NUT study was performed in 2005-2007 on adults aged 35-64 years from northern and north-eastern France.

Thyroid hormone receptor alpha gene variants increase the risk of developing obesity and show gene-diet interactions.

Objective: Thyroid hormone receptor-beta resistance has been associated with metabolic traits. THRA gene sequencing of an obese woman (index case) who presented as empirical thyroid hormone receptor-α (THRA) resistance, disclosed a polymorphism (rs12939700) in a critical region involved in TRα alternative processing.

Design And Subjects: THRA gene variants were evaluated in three independent europid populations (i) in two population cohorts at baseline (n=3417 and n=2265), 6 years later (n=2139) and (ii) in 4734 high cardiovascular risk subjects (HCVR, PREDIMED trial).

Impact of REV-ERB alpha gene polymorphisms on obesity phenotypes in adult and adolescent samples.

Background: REV-ERBα has been shown to regulate adipogenesis and lipid metabolism as well as to link the circadian timing system to whole body metabolic homeostasis. We thus tested whether polymorphisms in REV-ERBα could be associated with metabolic phenotypes in human population samples.

Methods: We analyzed the associations between 5 REV-ERBα polymorphisms and anthropometric (body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences), biochemical (plasma lipid, glucose and insulin levels) and clinical (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) variables in three population-based studies (MONICA Lille n=1155 adults, MONA LISA Lille n=1170 adults and HELENA n=1155 adolescents).

[Assessment and characteristics of chronic renal insufficiency in France].

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue. In France, few studies have evaluated CKD prevalence. The objective of the MONA LISA study was to estimate and to characterize CKD in three representative cross-sectional surveys in subjects aged 35-74.

Association between a thyroid hormone receptor-α gene polymorphism and blood pressure but not with coronary heart disease risk.

Background: Thyroid hormones (THs) exert multiple biological roles including effects on the cardiovascular system (lipid profile, blood pressure (BP) and cardiac output). The lipid-lowering actions of TH are mediated by the TH receptor-β whereas the mechanisms explaining the BP variations concomitant with the thyroid disorders are less understood. As the TH receptor-α (TR-α) has been associated with many of TH actions on the cardiovascular system in mice models, we hypothesized that it could be involved in the latter.

Association of plasma Aß peptides with blood pressure in the elderly.

Background: Aß peptides are often considered as catabolic by-products of the amyloid ß protein precursor (APP), with unknown physiological functions. However, several biological properties have been tentatively attributed to these peptides, including a role in vasomotion. We assess whether plasma Aß peptide levels might be associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure values (SBP and DBP, respectively).

Ten-year risk of all-cause mortality: assessment of a risk prediction algorithm in a French general population.

While assessment of global cardiovascular risk is uniformly recommended for risk factor management, prediction of all-cause death has seldom been considered in available charts. We established an updated algorithm to predict absolute 10-year risk of all-cause mortality in apparently healthy subjects living in France, a country with high life expectancy. Analyses were based on the Third French MONICA Survey on cardiovascular risk factors (1995-1996) carried out in 3,208 participants from the general population aged 35-64.

Characteristics of current smokers, former smokers, and second-hand exposure and evolution between 1985 and 2007.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess trends in the prevalence of adult smoking habits between 1985-1987 and 2005-2007 in three distinct areas of France and their contribution to coronary heart disease (CHD) death rates.

Methods: Participants were recruited as part of the French Monitoring trends and determinants in Cardiovascular disease survey in 1985-1987 (n=3760), 1995-1997 (n=3347), and 2005-2007 (n=3573). They were randomly selected from electoral rolls after stratification for sex, 10-year age group (35-64 years), and town size.

Associations between common genetic polymorphisms in angiopoietin-like proteins 3 and 4 and lipid metabolism and adiposity in European adolescents and adults.

Context: Plasma-borne angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL) act as endocrine factors on their target tissues. Because ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 play important roles in lipid metabolism and the regulation of adiposity in mice, we hypothesized that genetic variability at the ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 genes loci might influence lipid metabolism and fat deposition in humans.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the association between ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 genetic polymorphisms and metabolic phenotypes in adolescent and adult samples.

Association of ornithine transcarbamylase gene polymorphisms with hypertension and coronary artery vasomotion.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that the activity of enzymes involved in the urea cycle may modulate nitric oxide (NO) production, arterial vasomotion, and hypertension. Our aim was to determine whether hypertension and coronary vasomotion could be associated with polymorphisms within the ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) gene, located on chromosome X and coding for a key-enzyme of the urea cycle.

Methods: Among 11 OTC polymorphisms that were originally selected from databases, the tag single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs5963409 and the independent SNP rs1800321 were tested for association with hypertension in two independent population samples recruited in Northern (Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease (MONICA) study, n = 1,138) and Western (Etude du Vieillissement Artériel (EVA) study, n = 1,166) France.

An age effect on the association of common variants of ACE with Alzheimer's disease.

It is now well established that vascular risk factors are associated with cognitive performances. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components, major determinants of the cardiovascular system, are expressed in the brain and were shown to play a role on amyloid metabolism, learning and memory. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a pivotal RAS protein, is encoded by a huge gene containing many variants, one of them, the I/D variant (rs1799752), being associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).