"He's a little skinny and he's a little wide.": a mixed design investigation of American Indian student perceptions of healthy bodies.

Background: Childhood is a critical developmental time of wellness patterns, yet little is known about what children know and believe. Even less is known about non-majority cultures like American Indian youth. The purpose of this study was to explore American Indian students' understandings of nutrition and physical activity.

Concordance Between Accelerometer-Measured and Self-Reported Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Adults with Autism.

This study examined the concordance between accelerometry-measured and self-reported physical activity (PA) and sedentary time in adults with autism. Twenty-four participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer for seven consecutive days and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) on the last day of their study participation. Bland-Altman plots assessed the magnitude of agreement between the two measures.

Effects of a Gamified, Behavior Change Technique-Based Mobile App on Increasing Physical Activity and Reducing Anxiety in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Physical activity (PA) has an impact on physical and mental health in neurotypical populations, and addressing these variables may improve the prevalent burden of anxiety in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Gamified mobile apps using behavior change techniques present a promising way of increasing PA and reducing sedentary time, thus reducing anxiety in adults with ASD.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a gamified and behavior change technique-based mobile app, PuzzleWalk, versus a commercially available app, Google Fit, on increasing PA and reducing sedentary time as an adjunct anxiety treatment for this population.

Return to Learn: Preferences of College Educators When Receiving Concussion Medical Notes.

The aim of this work is to uncover the preferences and perspectives of college educators as they interpret medical documentation outlining medically requested return-to-learn (RTL) instructions. Participants were recruited from five colleges across campus at a large Midwest public university. They each engaged in a private, one-on-one, audio-recorded interview.

Educator perspectives on concussion management in the college classroom: a grounded theory introduction to collegiate return-to-learn.

Objectives: To gather the perspectives of collegiate instructors regarding how concussion is managed within the college classroom. To introduce the themes surrounding collegiate return-to-learn (RTL) and the classroom management of students with concussion.

Design: Qualitative grounded theory.

Usability inquiry of a gamified behavior change app for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder.

The purpose of this study was to conduct the first usability inquiry of a gamified, behavior change theory-guided mobile app for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Eighteen adults with and without ASD participated in a mixed-methods study that consisted of cognitive walkthrough, system usability assessment, and qualitative interviews. The results of the system usability testing indicated satisfactory quality of the system that can be readily applicable to both adults with and without ASD.

Physical Wellness Among Gaming Adults: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Video and hobby gaming are immensely popular among adults; however, associations between gaming and health have primarily been investigated in children and adolescents. Furthermore, most research has focused on electronic gaming, despite traditional hobby gaming gaining prominence.

Objective: To determine whether the number of platforms used, platform preference, and gaming time are associated with obesity, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cardiovascular risk factors in an adult gaming population.

Effects of continuing professional development on urban elementary students' knowledge.

This study supports the important role teacher training programs can play in increasing physical education knowledge. In this project, teachers were able to increase students' understanding of critical physical activity/fitness knowledge through physical education instruction, without changing the physical education contact time. This link to student needs as well as the school's overall mission is a promising one for students and schools alike.

Preservice teachers' belief systems toward curricular outcomes for physical education.

This study was grounded in the belief systems and physical activity literature and investigated preservice teachers' belief systems toward curricular outcomes for physical education programs. Preservice teachers (N = 486; men = 62%, women = 38%) from 18 U.S.

Preliminary assessment of Apache hopefulness: Relationships with hopelessness and with collective as well as personal self-esteem.

Hopelessness is central to prominent mental health problems within American Indian (AI) communities. Apaches living on a reservation in Arizona responded to diverse expressions of hope along with Hopelessness, Personal Self-Esteem, and Collective Self-Esteem scales. An Apache Hopefulness Scale expressed five themes of hope and correlated negatively with Hopelessness and positively with both Collective and Personal Self-Esteem.

E-mentoring in physical education: promises and pitfalls.

Mentoring can be a critical component of teachers' professional development and retention, yet logistical and fiscal challenges often limit the amount of contact a protégé can have with a mentor teacher. This investigation explored a school district initiative to address this need for more mentor interaction by supplementing traditional face-to-face mentoring with electronic mentoring. Thirty elementary physical education teachers participated in a year-long program that involved workshops, school visits, videotaped lessons, and electronic mentoring via chat rooms.

Comparison of inhibition in two timed reaction tasks: the color and emotion Stroop tasks.

The authors examined the cross-task consistency of the ability to inhibit the processing of irrelevant information. They compared interference scores on 2 widely used inhibition tasks and found that color word Stroop interference scores correlated with emotion word Stroop interference scores. An examination of physiological reactivity showed that, in general, the color Stroop was more arousing than was the emotion Stroop, most likely due to increased response conflict.

Students' reports of misbehavior in physical education.

The purpose of this study was to examine students' reports of misbehavior in physical education class. Secondary school participants (N = 2,309) completed a previously validated instrument designed to measure students' reports of 59 student behaviors occurring in classes that might affect class management (e.g.

Teachers' reports of student misbehavior in physical education.

Classroom management, and, more specifically, the management of student behavior, is an essential skill for and central concern of physical education teachers. Surprisingly little information is known, however about the specific nature of student behaviors that might negatively affect the class environment. The purpose of this study was to examine teachers' reports of student behaviors that may create management issues in physical education classes.

A cross-cultural investigation of the use of teaching styles.

Teacher beliefs are a major influence on teacher actions. Because context influences beliefs, it was the purpose of this study to explore teachers' beliefs about Mosston's Spectrum of Teaching Styles from an international perspective. Over 1,400 teachers from 7 countries completed a survey related to their self-reported use of and beliefs about various teaching styles.

Why are you bringing up condoms now? The effect of message content on framing effects of condom use messages.

According to prospect theory (A. Tversky & D. Kahneman, 1981), messages advocating a low-risk (i.

Alteration of normal gastric flora in neonates receiving ranitidine.

Objectives: To determine if the administration of ranitidine to neonates leads to an increase in gastric pH to > or = 4 and if this increase in gastric pH correlates with gastric colonization.

Study Design: 628 pH measurements and 276 gastric cultures were obtained from 86 neonates. Twenty-three patients received ranitidine and 63 patients served as controls.

Ontogeny of rat myocardial A1 adenosine receptors.

Adenosine functions as a counterregulatory hormone in the myocardium by decreasing work and thereby protecting the myocardium against ischemia. Functional adenosine A1 receptors could serve as an important regulatory system in the developing preinnervated heart by balancing the humoral sympathetic input to the heart. The aims of this study were to determine if A1 adenosine receptors were functionally coupled to their Gi protein in the immature preinnervated heart and to determine if A1 adenosine receptors were present in greater numbers in the immature heart.