[Neruda and antimicrobial resistance].

Antimicrobial resistance has been a problem in medicine, since their incorporation to clinical practice. Numerous papers have been written on the subject. The analysis of two poems by Pablo Neruda "How much does a man live" and "Larynx", included in the volume "Estravagario" and published for the first time in 1957 and 1958, give us an incredible revelation about the concept of resistance.

[Assessment and follow up of diabetic patients in hemodialysis].

Background: Despite a better management of the variables that influence the development of diabetic nephropathy there is a progressive increase in the prevalence of terminal renal failure among diabetics, whose cause is not clear.

Aim: To study in a group of patients in hemodialysis, the quality of diabetes control previous to the entry to dialysis, their physical condition and their evolution.

Material And Methods: Diabetic patients with at least three months of hemodialysis answered a questionnaire about diabetes control quality previous to dialysis and had physical and laboratory assessment.

First case of simultaneous heart plus kidney transplantation in Chile: case report.

Advanced renal disease is a formal contraindication to heart transplantation, and heart failure may make a patient ineligible for kidney transplantation. The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation has reported 336 simultaneous heart and kidney transplantations with a 70% rate of 5 year survival. Herein we have presented the first case of simultaneous heart plus kidney transplantation in Chile.

[Albumin dialysis MARS (Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System) as a bridge for liver transplantation in acute liver failure. Report of three cases].

The most successful therapy for acute liver failure is liver transplantation. However, due to the low number of donors, organ support therapies need to be used as a bridge to liver transplantation. Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) is a dialysis treatment that uses a recirculating dialysate containing albumin.

[High incidence and complications of Clostridium difficile diarrhea among patients with renal diseases].

Background: Clostridium difficile is the main agent causing antimicrobial associated nosocomial diarrhea. Chronic renal failure is a risk factor for this type of diarrhea.

Aim: To study the incidence and complications of Clostridium difficile diarrhea in a university hospital and among patients with renal diseases.

[Usefulness of thoracic radiography after insertion of transitory catheters for hemodialysis].

A chest X-ray has been routinely used to evaluate possible complications of a catheter installed for hemodialysis. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the utility of routine chest X-ray to detect complications derived from the installation of temporary catheters through a jugular vein access. We studied prospectively 95 successive jugular catheters for hemodialysis.

[Effects of midodrine on symptomatic hypotension during hemodialysis].

Background: Hypotension occurs in 20% of hemodialysis procedures.

Aim: To study the effects of midodrine on hypotension during hemodialysis.

Patients And Methods: Ten patients on chronic hemodialysis and with a history of hypotension during the procedure, were studied.

[Correction of anemia in hemodialysis, effect of intravenous iron without erythropoietin].

Background: In the last two decades, the use of erythropoietin for the correction of anemia in hemodialysis patients has been recommended. In Chile, only 10% of hemodialysis patients use erythropoietin, therefore, the correction of iron deficiency must be optimized.

Aim: To report the effects of intravenous iron without erythropoietin in the management of anemia in hemodialysis patients.

[Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated to the use of azathioprine in a renal transplant recipient].

We report a 30 years old male, recipient of a kidney allograft and treated with azathioprine, who eighteen days after transplantation had a clinically asymptomatic elevation of total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatases. Nineteen months later, he presented with mild ascites, with a total bilirubin of 3.5 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatases of 308 U/L (normal < 170 U/L) and a prothrombin time at 55% of control.

[Pharmacokinetics and clearance of ciprofloxacin and amikacin in continuous hemodialysis].

We studied the pharmacokinetic and clearance of a 200 mg ciprofloxacin and a 500 mg amikacin intravenous dose during 5 continuous hemodialysis procedures in 5 patients with acute oliguric renal failure. Hourly blood and ultrafiltrate drug concentrations were measured during 8 hours. Dialysate flux (Qd) was 16.

[Continuous hemodialysis with cuprophan membranes in critical patients].

The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of 1 m2 Cuprophan hollow fiber filters for continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis procedures. Thirty one critically ill patients (18 male) aged between 20 and 80 years old, subjected to 35 hemodialysis procedures were studied. Sixteen patients had acute renal failure (10 of these had multiorgan failures) and 15 terminal chronic renal failure.

[Continuous hemodialysis in the treatment of chronic renal insufficiency in emergencies].

Continuous hemodialysis is advantageous for the treatment of renal failure in critically ill patients. This study reports our experience in the treatment of emergencies during chronic renal failure with continuous hemodialysis using a Cuprofane membrane. Eighteen patients with acute decompensations of chronic renal failure were treated with continuous hemodialysis (14 arteriovenous and 4 veno-venous).

[B-DR (HLA) linkage imbalance and transplants in Chile: a preliminary report].

Linkage imbalance for the B and DR loci (HLA) was found in a Chilean sample of families where a member had been proposed for transplantation. The B7-DR2 and B14-DR1 haplotypes were significantly more frequent than expected. Most associations were those found in Caucasian populations.