Sex differences in the development of physical aggression: An intergenerational perspective and implications for preventive interventions.

This article reviews the state of knowledge on the development of chronic physical aggression (CPA), with the aim of identifying the most effective prevention strategies. We specifically focus on the early development of physical aggression, on sex differences in the use of physical aggression, and on the transmission of behavior problems from one generation to the other. The body of research on the development of CPA from the past three decades that we review shows increasing evidence that its prevention requires a long-term biopsychosocial developmental approach which also must include an intergenerational perspective.

Natal habitat preference induction in large mammals-Like mother, like child?

Habitat selection has received considerable attention from ecologists during the last decades, yet the underlying forces shaping individual differences in habitat selection are poorly documented. Some of these differences could be explained by the early experience of individuals in their natal habitat. By selecting habitat attributes like those encountered early in life, individuals could improve resource acquisition, survival, and ultimately fitness.

A single mutation in the mammalian orthoreovirus S1 gene is responsible for increased interferon sensitivity in a virus mutant selected in Vero cells.

In a previous study, a mammalian orthoreovirus mutant was isolated based on its increased ability to infect interferon-defective Vero cells and was referred to as Vero-cells-adapted virus (VeroAV). This virus exhibits reduced ability to resist the antiviral effect of interferon. In the present study, the complete genome sequence of VeroAV was first determined.

Why Is Maternal Depression Related to Adolescent Internalizing Problems? A 15-Year Population-Based Study.

Objective: Exposure to maternal depression during early childhood is a well-documented risk factor for offspring's internalizing problems, but the long-term risk and the psychosocial mechanisms underlying the association remain largely unknown. We examined whether maternal depression during early childhood was associated with offspring internalizing problems in adolescence, and the extent to which negative parenting, peer victimization, and poor friendship quality during middle childhood mediated this association.

Method: We report on a population-based sample of children (n = 1,443) followed-up from 5 months to 15 years.

Multi-rater developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms from 1.5 to 17 years: a population-based birth cohort study.

The developmental course of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms from infancy to adolescence has not been documented in a population sample. The aim of this study was to describe the developmental course of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms from 1.5 to 17 years using multiple informants, and to identify perinatal risk factors associated with following elevated (high-risk) trajectories.

Specific inhibition of myostatin activation is beneficial in mouse models of SMA therapy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease characterized by loss of α-motor neurons, leading to profound skeletal muscle atrophy. Patients also suffer from decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. The majority of treatments for SMA, approved or in clinic trials, focus on addressing the underlying cause of disease, insufficient production of full-length SMN protein.

DRD4 methylation as a potential biomarker for physical aggression: An epigenome-wide, cross-tissue investigation.

Epigenetic processes that regulate gene expression, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), have been linked to individual differences in physical aggression. Yet, it is currently unclear whether: (a) DNAm patterns in humans associate with physical aggression independently of other co-occurring psychiatric and behavioral symptoms; (b) whether these patterns are observable across multiple tissues; and (c) whether they may function as a causal versus noncausal biomarker of physical aggression. Here, we used a multisample, cross-tissue design to address these questions.

Development of Aggression Subtypes from Childhood to Adolescence: a Group-Based Multi-Trajectory Modelling Perspective.

The persistence of elevated subtypes of aggression beginning in childhood have been associated with long-term maladaptive outcomes. Yet it remains unclear to what extent there are clusters of individuals following similar developmental trajectories across forms (i.e.

Early childcare type predicts children's emotional and behavioural trajectories into middle childhood. Data from the EDEN mother-child cohort study.

Background: The scientific literature on the impact of early childcare on children's behavioural and emotional difficulties shows contrasting results. We studied this association in France, where childcare is of high quality and children enter preschool at the age of 3.

Methods: 1428 children from the EDEN (Etude des Déterminants du développement et de la santé de l'ENfant) mother-child cohort set up in France (Nancy and Poitiers) were followed up since pregnancy to the age of 8 years.

Emotional and Behavioral Symptom Network Structure in Elementary School Girls and Association With Anxiety Disorders and Depression in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Network Analysis.

Importance: The onset of adult psychopathologic disorders can be traced to behavioral or emotional symptoms observed in childhood, which could be targeted in early interventions to prevent future mental disorders. The network perspective is a novel conceptualization of psychopathologic disorders that could help to identify target symptoms with a distinct role in the emergence of mental illness.

Objective: To assess whether the network structure of emotional and behavioral symptoms among elementary school girls is associated with anxiety disorders or major depression in early adulthood.

Out-of-home placement in early childhood and psychiatric diagnoses and criminal convictions in young adulthood: a population-based propensity score-matched study.

Background: To ensure their protection and healthy development, children exposed to adverse family circumstances might be placed in foster homes, institutions, or kinship care (out-of-home placement). We aimed to compare the rates of psychiatric diagnoses and criminal convictions in young adulthood (ages 18-25 years) among children who were first placed at ages 2-6 years with those of children who were not placed and who had similar sociodemographic and family characteristics.

Method: We did a population-wide cohort study using the 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort, which collects longitudinal data linking nationwide child welfare, medical, and criminal registers for all 59 476 livebirths in Finland in 1987.

Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy (GATT) in Postpenetrating Keratoplasty Steroid-induced Glaucoma: A Case Report.

Glaucoma following penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) remains the leading cause of blindness following PKP. Patients with post-PKP glaucoma can be managed medically and surgically. Evidence studying glaucoma surgical techniques following PKP is limited, but suggests the possibility for high-risk complications, including graft failure.

Longitudinal Association Between Peer Victimization and Sleep Problems in Preschoolers: The Moderating Role of Parenting.

This study examined the moderating role of parental behaviors in the longitudinal link between peer victimization and sleep problems during preschool. The sample consisted of 1,181 children (594 girls) attending day care between the ages of 3 and 6 years. Participants were part of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a longitudinal study of child development led by the Institut de la Statistique du Quebec.

Maternal depressive symptoms and early childhood cognitive development: a review of putative environmental mediators.

Despite the abundance of research investigating the associations between maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) and children's cognitive development, little is known about the putative mechanisms through which depressive symptoms are associated with children's cognitive development. The aim of this review was to summarize the literature on family mediators (i.e.

Disinfection of the Goldman applanation tonometer: a systematic review.

Objectives: The Goldmann applanation tonometer is the gold standard for measuring intraocular pressure and a possible vector for the transmission of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study is to consolidate the evidence pertaining to the disinfection of Goldmann tonometers in an effort to facilitate an informed discussion regarding public policy in this important area.

Design: Systematic review.

Sensory Afferents Use Different Coding Strategies for Heat and Cold.

Primary afferents transduce environmental stimuli into electrical activity that is transmitted centrally to be decoded into corresponding sensations. However, it remains unknown how afferent populations encode different somatosensory inputs. To address this, we performed two-photon Ca imaging from thousands of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in anesthetized mice while applying mechanical and thermal stimuli to hind paws.

A Multicomponent Early Intervention Program and Trajectories of Behavior, Cognition, and Health.

Objectives: To investigate the developmental impact of a prenatal-to-age-5 multicomponent early intervention program targeting families living in low socioeconomic conditions.

Methods: Pregnant women from a disadvantaged Irish community were randomly assigned into a treatment group (home visits, baby massage, and parenting program; = 115) or control group ( = 118). Children's behavioral problems (externalizing, internalizing), cognitive skills (general, vocabulary), and health service use (number of health clinic visits), were regularly assessed (6 months to 4 years of age).

Characterization of the in vitro and in vivo properties of CFZ533, a blocking and non-depleting anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody.

The CD40-CD154 costimulatory pathway is essential for T cell-dependent immune responses, development of humoral memory, and antigen presenting cell function. These immune functions have been implicated in the pathology of multiple autoimmune diseases as well as allograft rejection. We have generated CFZ533, a fully human, pathway blocking anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody that has been modified with a N297A mutation to render it unable to mediate Fcγ-dependent effector functions.

Spatial correlations between browsing on balsam fir by white-tailed deer and the nutritional value of neighboring winter forage.

Associational effects, that is, the influence of neighboring plants on herbivory suffered by a plant, are an outcome of forage selection. Although forage selection is a hierarchical process, few studies have investigated associational effects at multiple spatial scales. Because the nutritional quality of plants can be spatially structured, it might differently influence associational effects across multiple scales.

Evidence for rapid faunal change in the early Miocene of East Africa based on revised biostratigraphic and radiometric dating of Bukwa, Uganda.

Field expeditions to Bukwa in the late 1960s and early 1970s established that the site had a small but diverse early Miocene fauna, including the catarrhine primate Limnopithecus legetet. Initial potassium-argon radiometric dating indicated that Bukwa was 22 Ma, making it the oldest of the East African early Miocene fossil localities known at the time. In contrast, the fauna collected from Bukwa was similar to other fossil localities in the region that were several million years younger.