Effect of Lemborexant on Daytime Functioning in Adults With Insomnia: Patient-Reported Outcomes From a Phase 3 Clinical Trial.

Insomnia and some insomnia treatments can impact an individual's daytime functioning. Here, we performed post hoc analyses of patient-reported outcomes from a phase 3 clinical trial to assess the impact of lemborexant (LEM), a dual orexin receptor antagonist, on daytime functioning. Adults with insomnia were randomized 1:1:1 to receive placebo, LEM 5 mg (LEM5) or LEM 10 mg (LEM10) for 6 months.

Neighborhood income inequality associated with functional independence after ischemic stroke: a cohort study.

Background: Individual measures of socioeconomic status have been associated with post-stroke disability in patients with ischemic stroke. However, it is not known whether the distribution of income in a community may have an impact on stroke recovery. We hypothesized that increased neighborhood income inequality (as measured by the Gini index) may be associated with a slower recovery after stroke.

Narrative analysis in individuals with Parkinson's disease following intensive voice treatment: secondary outcome variables from a randomized controlled trial.

Communication is often impaired in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), typically secondary to sensorimotor deficits impacting voice and speech. Language may also be diminished in PD, particularly for production and comprehension of verbs. Evidence exists that verb processing is influenced by motor system modulation suggesting that verb deficits in PD are underpinned by similarities in the neural representations of actions that span motor and semantic systems.

Self-reported physical activity and sleep quality is associated with working memory function in middle-aged and older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

While previous work has shown a positive relationship between cognitive performance and lifestyle factors in younger adults, evidence for this relationship among middle-aged and older adults has been mixed. The current study aimed to further test the relationship among physical activity, sleep quality, and memory performance in middle-aged and older adults, and to test whether this relationship holds up during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results showed that physical activity was associated with better sleep quality and better working memory performance, and better sleep quality was associated with better working memory and self-perceptions of everyday memory abilities.

A Deep Learning-Based Approach to Estimate Paneth Cell Granule Area in Celiac Disease.

Context.—: Changes in Paneth cell numbers can be associated with chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. So far, no consensus has been achieved on the number of Paneth cells and their relevance to celiac disease (CD).

Sleep Architecture and EEG Power Spectrum Following Cumulative Sleep Restriction: A Comparison between Typically Developing Children and Children with ADHD.

No studies have looked at the effects of cumulative sleep restriction (CSR) on sleep architecture or the power spectrum of sleep EEG (electroencephalogram) in school-age children, as recorded by PSG (polysomnography). This is true for both typically developing (TD) children and children with ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), who are known to have more sleep difficulties. Participants were children (ages 6-12 years), including 18 TD and 18 ADHD, who were age- and sex-matched.

Browse or browsing: Investigating goat preferences for feeding posture, feeding height and feed type.

Goats naturally browse different forages in various postures; this differs from typical farm practice, thus there are opportunities to improve goat welfare by understanding what and how they like to eat. We investigated if feeding preference was related to posture, feeder height relative to the ground, and type of feed. Sixteen adult, Saanen cross females participated in two experiments comparing a floor-level feeder (grazing posture; farm standard), with an elevated feeder (browsing posture; Exp1) and a platform-level feeder (raised, grazing posture; Exp2), when two forages (leaves, grass) were offered.

An integrated virtual pathology education platform developed using Microsoft Power Apps and Microsoft Teams.

The transition towards digital pathology and an extensive selection of video conferencing platforms have helped provide continuity to education even during the COVID-19 pandemic. Innovative approaches for pathology education, will likely persist beyond the pandemic, as they have powerful didactic potential. While there is a wide selection of software for use as educational tools, an environment to access all resources with ease is clearly lacking.

Prolonged Infant Crying: Caregiving Quality and Child Physical Abuse Risk.

Research suggests that prolonged infant crying may increase risk for child physical abuse (CPA). However, few studies have examined behavioral responses to infant crying among parents at risk for CPA. The present study sought to fill this gap by using a simulated infant to examine how mothers and fathers with varying degrees of CPA risk respond to prolonged infant crying.

Child internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among maltreating and non-maltreating families: Examining the effects of family resources and the Reminiscing and Emotion Training intervention.

Background: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on child functioning have been especially pronounced among low-income families. Protective factors, including sensitive reminiscing and sufficient family resources, may reduce the negative effects of the pandemic on child adjustment.

Objective: The current study investigated how family resources during the pandemic, race, maltreatment, and pre-pandemic involvement in an emotion socialization intervention (M = 4.

Combined Spectroscopic Analysis of Terrestrial Analogs from a Simulated Astronaut Mission Using the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Raman Sensor: Implications for Mars.

One of the primary objectives of planetary exploration is the search for signs of life (past, present, or future). Formulating an understanding of the geochemical processes on planetary bodies may allow us to define the precursors for biological processes, thus providing insight into the evolution of past life on Earth and other planets, and perhaps a projection into future biological processes. Several techniques have emerged for detecting biomarker signals on an atomic or molecular level, including laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Raman spectroscopy, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy, each of which addresses complementary aspects of the elemental composition, mineralogy, and organic characterization of a sample.

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Background: The pharmacist's role within the multidisciplinary team is often poorly understood. Various interventions can be put into place to promote the role of the pharmacist in the hospital setting with families, patients, and other health care professionals. Few studies have described the feasibility and assessed the impact of such interventions, particularly in pediatrics.

Resources Assessment for Penicillin Allergy Testing Performed by Pharmacists at the Patient's Bedside.

Background: False penicillin allergies lead to increased antimicrobial resistance, adverse effects, and health care costs by promoting the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends the implementation of allergy testing.

Objectives: The primary objective of this research was to estimate the number of pharmacist full-time equivalents (FTEs) required for an intervention aimed at determining penicillin allergy in hospitalized patients.

The role of pubertal status and sleep satisfaction in emotion reactivity and regulation in children and adolescents.

Study Objectives: This study investigated the role of pubertal status and hormones in the association between sleep satisfaction and self-reported emotion functioning in 256 children and adolescents aged 8-15.

Methods: Self-report data was provided on sleep duration, sleep satisfaction, and emotion reactivity and regulation, and a saliva sample was obtained for hormone measures. A subset of children also wore an Actigraph watch to measure sleep for a week.

Longitudinal Effects of Reminiscing and Emotion Training on Child Maladjustment in the Context of Maltreatment and Maternal Depressive Symptoms.

Exposure to child maltreatment and maternal depression are significant risk factors for the development of psychopathology. Difficulties in caregiving, including poor emotion socialization behavior, may mediate these associations. Thus, enhancing supportive parent emotion socialization may be a key transdiagnostic target for preventive interventions designed for these families.

Contributions of post-learning REM and NREM sleep to memory retrieval.

It has become clear that sleep after learning has beneficial effects on the later retrieval of newly acquired memories. The neural mechanisms underlying these effects are becoming increasingly clear as well, particularly those of non-REM sleep. However, much is still unknown about the sleep and memory relationship: the sleep state or features of sleep physiology that associate with memory performance often vary by task or experimental design, and the nature of this variability is not entirely clear.

Laboratory Analysis of Returned Samples from the AMADEE-18 Mars Analog Mission.

Between February 1 and 28, 2018, the Austrian Space Forum, in cooperation with the Oman Astronomical Society and research teams from 25 nations, conducted the AMADEE-18 mission, a human-robotic Mars expedition simulation in the Dhofar region in the Sultanate of Oman. As a part of the AMADEE-18 simulated Mars human exploration mission, the Remote Science Support team performed analyses of the Dhofar area (Oman) in an effort to characterize the region as a potential Mars analog site. The main motivation of this research was to study and register selected samples collected by analog astronauts during the AMADEE-18 mission with laboratory analytical methods and techniques comparable with those that are likely to be used on Mars in the future.

Morscher Osteotomy Through Surgical Dislocation Approach for True Femoral Neck Lengthening with Greater Trochanter Transposition.

Background: Young adults presenting with hip pain can be affected by proximal femoral growth disturbances as seen in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) or as a complication of surgical treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). In 1988, Morscher proposed a novel femoral neck lengthening osteotomy to address these issues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Morscher osteotomy as a procedure to complement the well-documented surgical hip dislocation, to increase femoral offset, to distalize the greater trochanter, and to increase the overall limb length.

COVID-19 and a novel initiative to improve safety by 3D printing personal protective equipment parts from computed tomography.

Background: Powered air-purifying respirators are in short supply and can break down with extended use. Replacement parts can become hard to acquire. The aim of this study was to create an innovative quality improvement proof of concept using rapid prototyping.

Genotype-environment interaction and the maintenance of genetic variation: an empirical study of (Campanulaceae).

High levels of genetic variation are often observed in natural populations, suggesting the action of processes such as frequency-dependent selection, heterozygote advantage and variable selection. However, the maintenance of genetic variation in fitness-related traits remains incompletely explained. The extent of genetic variation in obligately self-fertilizing populations of (Campanulaceae L.

Hyperarousal Is Associated with Socioemotional Processing in Individuals with Insomnia Symptoms and Good Sleepers.

Despite complaints of difficulties in waking socioemotional functioning by individuals with insomnia, only a few studies have investigated emotion processing performance in this group. Additionally, the role of sleep in socioemotional processing has not been investigated extensively nor using quantitative measures of sleep. Individuals with insomnia symptoms ( = 14) and healthy good sleepers ( = 15) completed two nights of at-home polysomnography, followed by an afternoon of in-lab performance testing on tasks measuring the processing of emotional facial expressions.

Structure-function relationships of the soluble form of the antiaging protein Klotho have therapeutic implications for managing kidney disease.

The fortuitously discovered antiaging membrane protein αKlotho (Klotho) is highly expressed in the kidney, and deletion of the gene in mice causes a phenotype strikingly similar to that of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Klotho functions as a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) signaling, whereas its shed extracellular domain, soluble Klotho (sKlotho), carrying glycosidase activity, is a humoral factor that regulates renal health. Low sKlotho in CKD is associated with disease progression, and sKlotho supplementation has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for managing CKD.

Benign Adrenocortical Tumors and the Detection of Nonadrenal Neoplasia.

Context: Patients with adrenocortical tumors have been frequently observed to have nonadrenal neoplasia.

Objective: To investigate whether patients with benign adrenocortical tumors have a higher likelihood of having nonadrenal neoplasia detected.

Design And Participants: Case-control study of patients with benign adrenocortical tumors (cases;  = 400) and normal adrenal glands (controls;  = 400), who underwent repeated abdominal cross-sectional imaging.

Rewards interact with repetition-dependent learning to enhance long-term retention of motor memories.

The combination of behavioral experiences that enhance long-term retention remains largely unknown. Informed by neurophysiological lines of work, this study tested the hypothesis that performance-contingent monetary rewards potentiate repetition-dependent forms of learning, as induced by extensive practice at asymptote, to enhance long-term retention of motor memories. To this end, six groups of 14 participants (n = 84) acquired novel motor behaviors by adapting to a gradual visuomotor rotation while these factors were manipulated.