Hotspots of Anal Cancer Screening in a High-risk Population: A Clinical Study on Free Provision, Best Method, Self-sampling, and Independent Risk Factors.

Background/aim: As of 2024, anal cancer (AC) has been steadily increasing worldwide but, due to insufficient evidence, anal cancer screening (ACS) has yet to be standardized. Furthermore, most high-risk people in the world have no help paying for it. Therefore, our primary endpoint was to assess the best screening method for these subjects through a provision that was free of charge (all costs were covered by the Italian public health service).

Quinolinonyl Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of the HIV-1 Integrase Catalytic Site and Integrase-RNA interactions.

The HIV-1 integrase (IN) plays a critical role in the viral lifecycle by integrating the viral DNA into the host chromosome. The catalytic function of IN has been exploited as a target, with five drugs acting as active site binders (IN strand transfer inhibitors, INSTIs). However, IN mutations conferring low-level resistance to INSTIs have been reported.

Acute diverticulitis management: evolving trends among Italian surgeons. A survey of the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR).

Acute diverticulitis (AD) is associated with relevant morbidity/mortality and is increasing worldwide, thus becoming a major issue for national health systems. AD may be challenging, as clinical relevance varies widely, ranging from asymptomatic picture to life-threatening conditions, with continuously evolving diagnostic tools, classifications, and management. A 33-item-questionnaire was administered to residents and surgeons to analyze the actual clinical practice and to verify the real spread of recent recommendations, also by stratifying surgeons by experience.

New Thiazolidine-4-One Derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.

It has been more than four years since the first report of SARS-CoV-2, and humankind has experienced a pandemic with an unprecedented impact. Moreover, the new variants have made the situation even worse. Among viral enzymes, the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M) has been deemed a promising drug target vs.

Miconazole-like Scaffold is a Promising Lead for -Specific CYP51 Inhibitors.

Developing drugs for brain infection by is an unmet medical need. We used a combination of cheminformatics, target-, and phenotypic-based drug discovery methods to identify inhibitors that target an essential enzyme, sterol 14-demethylase (NfCYP51). A total of 124 compounds preselected were tested against .

Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum: A systematic review of recent literature.

Leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are rare tumors originating from the muscular layer. We performed a literature review of cases of confirmed rectal leiomyosarcomas (rLMSs) to clarify the history of such an infrequent tumor arising at such an uncommon location. In this research local recurrence was related to poorly differentiated rLMS and no other association between recurrence and any criteria was found.

Tonsillectomy as Prevention of Tonsil and Base of Tongue Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Immuno-Oncological Effect of One Among the Most Common Surgeries in the World.

Otorhinolaryngology tradition is that tonsillectomy (TE) is conducted among children and adolescents for obstructive sleep apnea secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and in adults for chronic disease of the tonsils and adenoids (recurrent tonsillitis). Nevertheless, over the last 50 years, we have observed a decline in TE worldwide. As a result, there is an emerging concern of a correlated possible increased risk of tonsil cancer (TC) and other subtypes of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Diketo acid inhibitors of nsp13 of SARS-CoV-2 block viral replication.

For RNA viruses, RNA helicases have long been recognized to play critical roles during virus replication cycles, facilitating proper folding and replication of viral RNAs, therefore representing an ideal target for drug discovery. SARS-CoV-2 helicase, the non-structural protein 13 (nsp13) is a highly conserved protein among all known coronaviruses, and, at the moment, is one of the most explored viral targets to identify new possible antiviral agents. In the present study, we present six diketo acids (DKAs) as nsp13 inhibitors able to block both SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 enzymatic functions.

Open surgical cholecystostomy under local anaesthesia as salvage therapy of acute cholecystitis during the 4th COVID-19 wave in Northern Italy: experience from a rural hospital.

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak delayed interventions of elective surgery worldwide. In Italy, the first western country to be affected, 410000 operations formerly planned were cancelled with the beginning of the first wave. Symptomatic cholelithiasis represents one of the most common, benign medical conditions in the world leading the affected patients to general surgeons'attention; in 0.

Effects of Modified Glucosamine on the Chondrogenic Potential of Circulating Stem Cells under Experimental Inflammation.

Glucosamine (GlcN) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) constituent in connective tissues. It is naturally produced by our body or consumed from diets. In the last decade, in vitro and in vivo trials have demonstrated that the administration of GlcN or its derivates has a protective effect on cartilage when the balance between catabolic and anabolic processes is disrupted and cells are no longer able to fully compensate for the loss of collagen and proteoglycans.

Pyrrolyl and Indolyl α-γ-Diketo Acid Derivatives Acting as Selective Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII.

Solid tumors are active tissues containing hypoxic regions and producing metabolic acids. By decreasing pH, cancer cells create a hostile environment for surrounding host cells and foster tumor growth and progression. By governing acid/base regulation, carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are involved in several physiological/pathological processes, including tumors.

Synergistic Effects of Caffeine in Combination with Conventional Drugs: Perspectives of a Drug That Never Ages.

Plants have been known since ancient times for their healing properties, being used as preparations against human diseases of different etiologies. More recently, natural products have been studied and characterized, isolating the phytochemicals responsible for their bioactivity. Most certainly, there are currently numerous active compounds extracted from plants and used as drugs, dietary supplements, or sources of bioactive molecules that are useful in modern drug discovery.

Plants and Small Molecules: An Up-and-Coming Synergy.

The emergence of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system has led to a rapid and wide improvement in molecular genetics techniques for studying gene function and regulation. However, there are still several drawbacks that cannot be easily solved with molecular genetic approaches, such as the study of unfriendly species, which are of increasing agronomic interest but are not easily transformed, thus are not prone to many molecular techniques. Chemical genetics represents a methodology able to fill this gap.

Inhibition of Trypanothione Reductase by New Aminopropanone Derivatives Interacting with the NADPH Binding Site.

Background: As a result of the paucity of treatment, Leishmaniasis continues to provoke about 60,000 deaths every year worldwide. New molecules are needed, and drug discovery research is oriented toward targeting proteins crucial for parasite survival. Among them, trypanothione reductase (TR) is of remarkable interest owing to its vital role in species protozoan parasite life.

Local excision of T1 colorectal cancer: good differentiation, absence of lymphovascular invasion, and limited tumor radial infiltration (≤4.25 mm) may allow avoiding radical surgery.

Background: Early colorectal cancer (ECC) is defined as T1NXM0 colorectal cancer (CRC). Although a non-negligible number of T1-CRCs presents metastatic lymph-nodes, local excision is increasingly proposed as alternative to radical resection. Several criteria have been suggested to identify low-risk T1-CRC, but recommendations on this topic are still heterogeneous.

New Inhibitors of the Human p300/CBP Acetyltransferase Are Selectively Active against the Arabidopsis HAC Proteins.

Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are involved in the epigenetic positive control of gene expression in eukaryotes. CREB-binding proteins (CBP)/p300, a subfamily of highly conserved HATs, have been shown to function as acetylases on both histones and non-histone proteins. In the model plant among the five CBP/p300 HATs, HAC1, HAC5 and HAC12 have been shown to be involved in the ethylene signaling pathway.

Amyand's hernia: which oncologic risk can be hidden in the sac?

Amyand's hernia (AH) is a rare condition in which the appendix is found in the sac of an inguinal hernia. It occurs in only 1% of adult inguinal hernias. The herniated appendix can occasionally range varying degrees of acute inflammation up to neoplastic transformation.

Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro, In Silico and In Cellulo Evaluation of New Pyrimidine and Pyridine Amide and Carbamate Derivatives as Multi-Functional Cholinesterase Inhibitors.

Alzheimer disease is an age-linked neurodegenerative disorder representing one of the greatest medical care challenges of our century. Several drugs are useful in ameliorating the symptoms, even if none could stop or reverse disease progression. The standard approach is represented by the cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) that restore the levels of acetylcholine (ACh) by inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

Ultrastructural Damages to H1N1 Influenza Virus Caused by Vapor Essential Oils.

Influenza viruses are transmitted from human to human via airborne droplets and can be transferred through contaminated environmental surfaces. Some works have demonstrated the efficacy of essential oils (EOs) as antimicrobial and antiviral agents, but most of them examined the liquid phases, which are generally toxic for oral applications. In our study, we describe the antiviral activity of , , and vapor EOs against influenza virus type A.

Intussusception of the bowel in adult women due to bulky inflammatory fibroid polyp treated in emergency. A case report.

Introduction: Intussusception represents a rare form of bowel obstruction in the adult, which is defined as the telescoping of a proximal segment of the gastrointestinal tract into the lumen of the adjacent distal segment of the GI tract Case Report: We report the case of a 50-year-old woman was admitted in our hospital with acute bowel obstruction. CT showed intestinal occlusion secondary to intussusception. the patient underwent emergency surgery.

Oxidative stress and visual system: a review.

Different types of tissues respond differently to the action of oxidative stress. The visual system is very sensitive to oxidative action due to continuous exposure to light. In consideration of the growing interest of scientific studies towards various compounds endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we performed a review of the literature focusing on the use of some antioxidant molecules for the treatment of conditions affecting the visual system.

Exosomal Functional Cargoes from Liquid Biopsy of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review of Studies With Potential Clinical Relevance.

Background/aim: Liquid biopsy (LB) is a promising non-invasive tool to detect cancer. Over the last few years, exosomes recruited from LB have attracted the attention of researchers for their involvement in cancer. We focused on the role of LB exosomes in gastric cancer (GC).