Two-year clinical and radiographic evaluation of ACTIVA BioACTIVE versus Compomer (Dyract® eXtra) in the restoration of class-2 cavities of primary molars: a non-inferior split-mouth randomised clinical trial.

Objectives: The trial aimed to compare the clinical performance and radiographic success of ACTIVA BioACTIVE versus Compomer in restoring class-II cavities of primary molars.

Materials And Methods: A non-inferior split-mouth design was considered. A pre-calculated sample size of 96 molars (48 per group) with class-2 cavities of twenty-one children whose ages ranged from 5 to 10 years were randomly included in the trial.

The fracture strength and the failure mode of lithium disilicate or resin nano ceramics as a crown, overlay, or endocrown restoration on endodontically treated teeth.

Introduction: Different materials and restorative concepts have been proposed over the years to restore endodontically treated teeth (ETT). Monolithic ceramic and composite restoration can be lute to the tooh, without the use of a post. However, little is known how the material stiffness and presence of a composite core will affect the survival and failure mode.

Effect of Intracoronal Sealing Biomaterials on the Histological Outcome of Endodontic Revitalisation in Immature Sheep Teeth-A Pilot Study.

The influence of intracoronal sealing biomaterials on the newly formed regenerative tissue after endodontic revitalisation therapy remains unexplored. The objective of this study was to compare the gene expression profiles of two different tricalcium silicate-based biomaterials alongside the histological outcomes of endodontic revitalisation therapy in immature sheep teeth. The messenger RNA expression of TGF-β, BMP2, BGLAP, VEGFA, WNT5A, MMP1, TNF-α and SMAD6 was evaluated after 1 day with qRT-PCR.

Clinical Evaluation of Resin Composite CAD/CAM Restorations Placed by Undergraduate Students.

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of resin composite CAD/CAM restorations in a prospective cohort study, and to assess patient and operator satisfaction after restoration placement, 59 indirect resin composite were placed by supervised undergraduate students, of which 43 restorations were followed over a mean period of 28 months (14-44 months) and evaluated using USPHS criteria. Patient and operator satisfaction levels were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) after restoration placement. A total of 37 patients and 47 restorations were included for further study.

A new parapithecine (Primates: Anthropoidea) from the early Oligocene of Libya supports parallel evolution of large body size among parapithecids.

Parapithecines are an extinct subfamily of stem anthropoid primates previously known only from the Jebel Qatrani Formation in Egypt. Here, we describe isolated teeth pertaining to Simonsius harujensis sp. nov.

The Decisive Role of Laser Doppler Flowmetry for Pulp Preservation in Discolored Traumatized Teeth.

: It has been stated that blood pigments within discolored teeth may interfere with Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) measurements. The aim of this study was to assess pulp vitality with LDF in a cohort of discolored traumatized teeth referred for endodontic treatment or where the referring dentist had doubts regarding maintained tooth vitality. Discoloration of teeth is a common sequel of dental trauma.

Evaluation of marginal and internal fit of lithium disilicate CAD-CAM crowns with different finish lines by using a micro-CT technique.

Statement Of Problem: Whether the precision of fit of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) complete crowns is affected by the finish line configuration is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of CAD-CAM ceramic crowns made from lithium disilicate based on 3 different finish lines (rounded shoulder, chamfer, feather-edge).

Materials And Methods: Thirty anterior lithium disilicate complete crowns (n=10 per finish line group) were fabricated by following a completely digital workflow based on digital scans made with the TRIOS scanner.

The calcium dynamics of human dental pulp stem cells stimulated with tricalcium silicate-based cements determine their differentiation and mineralization outcome.

Calcium (Ca) signalling plays an indispensable role in dental pulp and dentin regeneration, but the Ca responses of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) stimulated with tricalcium silicate-based (TCS-based) dental biomaterials remains largely unexplored. The objective of the present study was to identify and correlate extracellular Ca concentration, intracellular Ca dynamics, pH, cytotoxicity, gene expression and mineralization ability of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) stimulated with two different TCS-based biomaterials: Biodentine and ProRoot white MTA. The hDPSCs were exposed to the biomaterials, brought in contact with the overlaying medium, with subsequent measurements of extracellular Ca and pH, and intracellular Ca changes.

Transcriptomic profiling of human dental pulp cells treated with tricalcium silicate-based cements by RNA sequencing.

Objectives: Tricalcium silicate (TCS)-based biomaterials induce differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) into odontoblasts/osteoblasts, which is regulated by the interplay between various intracellular pathways and their resultant secretome. The aim of this study was to compare the transcriptome-wide effects by next-generation RNA sequencing of custom-prepared hDPCs stimulated with TCS-based biomaterials: ProRoot white MTA (WMTA) (Dentsply, Tulsa; Tulsa, OK) and Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France).

Methods: Self-isolated hDPCs were seeded in a 6-well plate at a density of 5 × 10 cells per well.

Cenozoic evolution of the steppe-desert biome in Central Asia.

The origins and development of the arid and highly seasonal steppe-desert biome in Central Asia, the largest of its kind in the world, remain largely unconstrained by existing records. It is unclear how Cenozoic climatic, geological, and biological forces, acting at diverse spatial and temporal scales, shaped Central Asian ecosystems through time. Our synthesis shows that the Central Asian steppe-desert has existed since at least Eocene times but experienced no less than two regime shifts, one at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition and one in the mid-Miocene.

Biallelic mutations cause a novel syndromal disease due to hampered cellular collagen secretion.

The transport and Golgi organization 1 (TANGO1) proteins play pivotal roles in the secretory pathway. Full length TANGO1 is a transmembrane protein localised at endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites, where it binds bulky cargo within the ER lumen and recruits membranes from the ER Golgi intermediate compartment to create an exit route for their export. Here we report the first TANGO1-associated syndrome in humans.

How standard deviation contributes to the validity of a LDF signal: a cohort study of 8 years of dental trauma.

The aim of this cohort study was to document the potential of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) for diagnosing tooth vitality in traumatized teeth in a population of 88 referred patients with dental trauma over a period of 8 years (2011-2018). The main reason to refer was tooth discoloration (26%), and the main trauma cause was a traffic injury (35%). Taking into account that referral for LDF is best given within the week after trauma, 66% of referrals were overdue.

Correction: Eocene metatherians from Anatolia illuminate the assembly of an island fauna during Deep Time.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Eocene metatherians from Anatolia illuminate the assembly of an island fauna during Deep Time.

Island biotas have disproportionately influenced the history and development of evolutionary biology, but understanding their genesis and evolution across geological timescales has been hindered by a poor fossil record. Here we augment the insular Eocene (~43 Ma) mammalian fauna known from the Pontide terrane of central Anatolia by describing two new metatherian taxa (stem marsupials) from the Lülük Member of the Uzunçarşıdere Formation in the Orhaniye Basin. Geological and paleontological data indicate that the Pontide terrane was an island on the northern margin of Neotethys during the middle Eocene.

Genetic study of non-syndromic tooth agenesis through the screening of paired box 9, msh homeobox 1, axin 2, and Wnt family member 10A genes: a case-series.

Non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA) is the most common developmental anomaly in humans. Several studies have been conducted on dental agenesis and numerous genes have been identified. However, the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for NSTA are not clearly understood.

Gene Expression Profiling and Molecular Signaling of Various Cells in Response to Tricalcium Silicate Cements: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to present a systematic review investigating the gene expression of various cells (other than dental pulp cells) in response to different variants of tricalcium silicate cements (TSCs).

Methods: A systematic search of the literature was performed by 2 independent reviewers followed by article selection and data extraction. Studies analyzing any cell type except dental pulp stem cells and any variant of tricalcium silicate cement either as the experimental or as the control group were included.

Characterization of a novel mutation in PAX9 gene in a family with non-syndromic dental agenesis.

Background: Dental agenesis is the most common developmental anomaly in man and may present either as an isolated trait or as part of a syndrome, such as ectodermal dysplasia. Until now, the underlying molecular pathogenic mechanisms responsible for dental agenesis are still largely unknown. Several genetic and molecular studies have demonstrated that at least 300 genes are involved in tooth formation and development, coding for specific transcriptional factors, receptors or growth factors that are expressed at specific developmental stages.

A new species of Apidium (Anthropoidea, Parapithecidae) from the Sirt Basin, central Libya: First record of Oligocene primates from Libya.

A new species of Apidium is the most common primate currently known from a newly discovered site near Zallah Oasis in the Sirt Basin of central Libya. Based on current knowledge of the associated fauna, this new species of Apidium is early Oligocene in age, being roughly contemporaneous with faunas from Quarries G and V in the upper part of the Jebel Qatrani Formation in Egypt that also contain species of Apidium. A phylogenetic analysis based on dental characters indicates that the new species of Apidium from Libya is the sister group of Apidium phiomense.

Upper molar morphology of the early oligocene egyptian anthropoid Qatrania wingi.

Objectives: Qatrania wingi is a poorly documented fossil anthropoid known only from Quarry E in the Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum Depression, Egypt. This report augments our knowledge of the dental morphology of Qatrania in order to clarify its phylogenetic relationships with other early African anthropoids.

Materials And Methods: YPM 18008 from Quarry E is the first example of an upper molar fragment that can reasonably be assigned to Qatrania wingi.

Gene Expression Profiling and Molecular Signaling of Dental Pulp Cells in Response to Tricalcium Silicate Cements: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Signaling molecules and responding dental pulp stem cells are the 2 main control keys of dentin regeneration/dentinogenesis. The aim of this study was to present a systematic review investigating the gene expression of various dental pulp cells in response to different variants of tricalcium silicate cements.

Methods: A systematic search of the literature was performed by 2 independent reviewers followed by article selection and data extraction.

Laser teeth bleaching: evaluation of eventual side effects on enamel and the pulp and the efficiency in vitro and in vivo.

Light and heat increase the reactivity of hydrogen peroxide. There is no evidence that light activation (power bleaching with high-intensity light) results in a more effective bleaching with a longer lasting effect with high concentrated hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels. Laser light differs from conventional light as it requires a laser-target interaction.

Insight in the chemistry of laser-activated dental bleaching.

The use of optical radiation for the activation of bleaching products has not yet been completely elucidated. Laser light is suggested to enhance the oxidizing effect of hydrogen peroxide. Different methods of enhancing hydrogen peroxide based bleaching are possible.

An Exploratory Case-Control Study on the Impact of IL-1 Gene Polymorphisms on Early Implant Failure.

Background: The association between IL-1 gene polymorphisms and peri-implantitis has been well documented. However, data on the association with early implant failure are scarce.

Purpose: The objective of this case-control study was to explore the impact of IL-1A (-889), IL-1B (-511), and IL-1B (+3,954) gene polymorphisms on early implant failure in Caucasians.

Dental implants placed by undergraduate students: clinical outcomes and patients'/students' perceptions.

Introduction: Implant dentistry in undergraduate education is predominantly theoretical or prosthetics oriented. Clinical experience with implant surgery could provide students a better understanding of alternatives for tooth replacements. This study describes an implant dentistry programme for undergraduate students, which included surgical placement of implants.

A population of fast radio bursts at cosmological distances.

Searches for transient astrophysical sources often reveal unexpected classes of objects that are useful physical laboratories. In a recent survey for pulsars and fast transients, we have uncovered four millisecond-duration radio transients all more than 40° from the Galactic plane. The bursts' properties indicate that they are of celestial rather than terrestrial origin.