Cellular and extracellular white matter alterations after childhood trauma experience in individuals with schizophrenia.

Background: Childhood trauma (CT) is related to altered fractional anisotropy (FA) in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). However, it remains unclear whether CT may influence specific cellular or extracellular compartments of FA in SZ with CT experience. We extended our previous study on FA in SZ (Costello et al.

Structural brain connectivity does not associate with childhood trauma in individuals with schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia is a brain dysconnectivity disorder. However, it is not well understood whether the experience of childhood trauma (CT) affects dysconnectivity in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). Using a network-based approach, we examined whether self-reported CT would explain additional variance compared to whole-brain topology and structural connectivity changes in SZ versus healthy controls (HC).

Investigation into the significant role of dermal-epidermal interactions in skin ageing utilising a bioengineered skin construct.

Increased prevalence of skin ageing is a growing concern due to an ageing global population and has both sociological and psychological implications. The use of more clinically predictive in vitro methods for dermatological research is becoming commonplace due to initiatives and the cost of clinical testing. In this study, we utilise a well-defined and characterised bioengineered skin construct as a tool to investigate the cellular and molecular dynamics involved in skin ageing from a dermal perspective.

Experimental assessment of diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) protocols.

Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) is an increasingly used digital complement, supplement, or alternative to traditional dissection-based anatomical research. The diceCT protocol, which has evolved and expanded over the past decade, employs passive diffusion of Lugol's iodine (KI) to increase soft tissue radiodensity and improve structure contrast in the CT or microCT imaging of specimens. The development and application of diceCT has focused largely on specimens under 1 kg, and the varying reporting of methods on studies of both small and large specimens has initiated, but not yet established, an effective diceCT protocol for larger specimens based on monitored experiments of several fundamental variables (.

Do Y'all Say Gay or Trans?: The Impact of Gender and Sexuality on College Students' Experiences in the Rural South.

While national trends indicate improvement in campus climates for LGBTQ+ students, these patterns may not exist on campuses in the Southeast region of the United States, particularly given conservative backlash in the region. Drawing from focus group and survey data, we investigated how students in a rural Southern location perceive campus and community space with regard to safety and support, and how the intersections of gender and sexual orientation affect those perceptions. We found LGBTQ+ students had a mostly positive perception of their campus experience, despite reports of harassment, perceptions of unsafe spaces, and some lack of awareness of resources.

Pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity moderates the association between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and infant cord blood omega-3 levels.

Background: Empirical evidence has demonstrated associations between pre-pregnancy obesity and perinatal maternal depressive symptoms. Omega-3 is an essential fatty acid derived from dietary sources that is critical for fetal brain development. Pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with higher omega-3 intake, but a weaker association between dietary intake and respective maternal and cord blood omega-3 levels.

Applying 3D surface scanning technology to create photorealistic three-dimensional printed replicas of human anatomy.

To describe advances in 3D data capture and printing that allow photorealistic replicas of human anatomical specimens for education and research, and discuss advantages of current generation printing for replica design and manufacture. We combine surface scanning and computerized tomography datasets that maximize precise color and geometric capture with ultra violet (UV) curable resin printing to replicate human anatomical specimens. We describe the process for color control, print design and translation of photorealistic 3D meshes into 3D prints in durable resins.

Bronchiolitis: evidence-based management in high-risk infants in the intensive care setting.

Aim: Systematically review the management of infants with severe bronchiolitis in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) setting with a focus on high-risk infants to identify gaps in evidence-based knowledge.

Methods: This systematic review utilised Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) to examine the literature on the PICU management of bronchiolitis in infants <24 months old. Three databases, Embase, PubMed and Medline, were searched and higher levels of evidence I, II and III were included.

Suppressed basal mitophagy drives cellular aging phenotypes that can be reversed by a p62-targeting small molecule.

Selective degradation of damaged mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) is proposed to play an important role in cellular homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms and the requirement of mitochondrial quality control by mitophagy for cellular physiology are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that primary human cells maintain highly active basal mitophagy initiated by mitochondrial superoxide signaling.

Combining developmental and sleep health measures for autism spectrum disorder screening: an ECHO study.

Background: Sleep problems are reported for up to 80% of autistic individuals. We examined whether parsimonious sets of items derived from the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised (M-CHAT-R) and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) are superior to the standard M-CHAT-R in predicting subsequent autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses.

Methods: Participants from 11 Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohorts were included.

Comparison of photodamage in non-pigmented and pigmented human skin equivalents exposed to repeated ultraviolet radiation to investigate the role of melanocytes in skin photoprotection.

Introduction: Daily solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation has an important impact on skin health. Understanding the initial events of the UV-induced response is critical to prevent deleterious conditions. However, studies in human volunteers have ethical, technical, and economic implications that make skin equivalents a valuable platform to investigate mechanisms related to UV exposure to the skin.

Maxillofacial fractures among non-indigenous ethnic groups in the Irish national maxillofacial unit: a review.

Background: This study investigates maxillofacial fractures in non-indigenous ethnic groups who were reviewed in the national maxillofacial unit in Ireland. The aim of this study was to highlight any potential trends in presentation of facial fractures in non-indigenous groups in comparison to previous reports which have included all ethnicities. This unique study is based on the fact that Ireland has only recently transformed into a diverse, multi-cultural country.

Cell Senescence-Independent Changes of Human Skin Fibroblasts with Age.

Skin ageing is defined, in part, by collagen depletion and fragmentation that leads to a loss of mechanical tension. This is currently believed to reflect, in part, the accumulation of senescent cells. We compared the expression of genes and proteins for components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as their regulators and found that in vitro senescent cells produced more matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) than proliferating cells from adult and neonatal donors.

Predicting COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions to Inform Evidence-Based Messaging for Building Vaccine Confidence Among Rural Americans.

Purpose: Examine possible message topics to promote rural vaccination using psychosocial antecedents of vaccination.

Design: Cross-sectional survey administered by Research America, Inc.

Setting: West Virginia (WV).

Healthcare provider Communication and Data-Informed Message Strategies for Encouraging Older Adults to Stay up to Date on COVID-19 Vaccination.

Older adults are a high in risk of severe COVID-19 disease outcomes and experience "vaccine hesitancy." Guided by health communication models such as the Reasoned Action Approach and the Extended Parallel Process Model, online surveys designed to inform statewide public health communication efforts were administered in West Virginia, a primarily rural and fully Appalachian state, in Winter 2021 ( = 272) and Fall 2022 ( = 248). Adults ages 50+ years ( = 520) reported attitudes, intentions, and behaviors regarding COVID-19 vaccination and their related patient-provider communication.

Comfort Providing Gender-Affirming Care and Preferences for Consultative Support Among Rural Pediatric Primary Care Providers.

To examine how specialist-to-pediatric primary care provider (PPCP) consultative support may impact PPCP comfort in providing gender-affirming care. PPCPs in West Virginia completed an electronic survey. -tests compared comfort providing gender-affirming care and rank-sum tests compared the practicality of four consultative support modalities by time in practice and specialty.

Shell shape does not accurately predict self-righting ability in hatchling freshwater turtles.

Flat hydrodynamic shells likely represent an evolutionary trade-off between adaptation to an aquatic lifestyle and the instability of more rounded shells, thought beneficial for self-righting. Trade-offs often result in compromises, this is particularly true when freshwater turtles, with flatter shells, must self-right to avoid the negative effects of inverting. These turtles, theoretically, invest more biomechanical effort to achieve successful and timely self-righting when compared to turtles with rounded carapaces.

Pediatric Gender Care in Primary Care Settings in West Virginia: Provider Knowledge, Attitudes, and Educational Experiences.

Purpose: Pediatric primary care providers (PPCPs) often care for gender diverse youth (GDY), particularly in rural areas, but little is known about their relevant knowledge, attitudes, or educational experiences regarding caring for this population.

Methods: This study surveyed PPCPs throughout the rural state of West Virginia using an online survey assessing 1) demographics, 2) knowledge, 3) attitudes, and 4) educational experiences. Knowledge and attitude scores were calculated and proportion-tests and t-tests were used to compare these scores by PPCP characteristics including age, time in practice, and training background.

An effective hydrodynamic description of marching locusts.

A fundamental question in complex systems is how to relate interactions between individual components ('microscopic description') to the global properties of the system ('macroscopic description'). Furthermore, it is unclear whether such a macroscopic description exists and if such a description can capture large-scale properties. Here, we address the validity of a macroscopic description of a complex biological system using the collective motion of desert locusts as a canonical example.

Communities of practice to facilitate change in health professions education: A realist synthesis.

Background: Communities of practice could contribute to transformations in health professions education to meet complex and emerging challenges. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of communities of practice in this setting, and how context influences outcomes.

Objective: To understand when, why and how communities of practice with health professions education faculty work to facilitate higher education change.

Quantitatively Identifying Messaging Topics to Encourage West Virginia nurses' COVID-19 Vaccination.

Nurses are particularly influential to others as it relates to COVID-19 vaccination decision-making and are at higher risk of COVID-19 themselves. Yet, nurses' COVID-19 vaccination remains suboptimal. This study combines communication science frameworks with a novel conceptualize of identity-identity fusion-to explore why nurses may not vaccinate and what strategies might encourage them to protect themselves from COVID-19.

Development of a novel strategy to understand the impact of shaving on skin health: combining tape strip exfoliation and human skin equivalent technology.

Introduction: The removal of unwanted hair is a widespread grooming practice adopted by both males and females. Although many depilatory techniques are now available, shaving remains the most common, despite its propensity to irritate skin. Current techniques to investigate the impact of shaving regimes on skin health rely on costly and lengthy clinical trials, which hinge on recruitment of human volunteers and can require invasive biopsies to elucidate cellular and molecular-level changes.

Improving the Transition of Older Adults into Residential Aged Care: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: The transition into residential aged care (RAC) is often associated with loss, grief, isolation and loneliness. This scoping review aimed to identify quantitative research which focused on reducing the negative effects associated with transition, thereby improving the transition experience.

Methods: A scoping review, which concentrated on quantitative research, was conducted.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives: Addressing parental/caregivers' coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy is critical to improving vaccine uptake in children. Common concerns have been previously reported through online surveys, but qualitative data from KII and focus groups may add much-needed context. Our objective was to examine factors impacting pediatric COVID-19 vaccine decision-making in Black, Spanish-speaking, and rural white parents/caregivers to inform the content design of a mobile application to improve pediatric COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Emergency medicine resident perceptions of simulation-based training and assessment in competence by design.

Objectives: With the launch of competence by design (CBD) in emergency medicine (EM) in Canada, there are growing recommendations on the use of simulation for the training and assessment of residents. Many of these recommendations have been suggested by educational leaders and often exclude the resident stakeholder. This study sought to explore their experiences and perceptions of simulation in CBD.