Clinical characteristics and outcomes of adults with multifocal epilepsy.

Objective: Multifocal epilepsy is an important subtype of epilepsy, but it is sometimes difficult to recognise in general clinical practice. Distinguishing (uni)focal from multifocal drug resistant epilepsy is important when considering surgical resection. The presence of multiple discrete autonomous epileptogenic zones may limit surgical options to neuromodulation or palliative resection.

Care seeking for diarrheal illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Monitoring and treating diarrheal illness often rely on individuals seeking care at hospitals or clinics. Cases that seek care through pharmacies and community health workers (CHW) are frequently excluded from disease burden estimates, which are used to allocate mitigation resources. Studies on care seeking behavior can help identify these gaps but typically focus on children under five, even though diarrheal diseases like cholera and Enterotoxigenic E.

Macro- and micronutrient effects on phytoplankton in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and the western basin of Lake Erie.

Efforts to reduce the frequency, extent, and toxicity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) require knowledge about drivers of algal growth, toxin production, and shifts in phytoplankton community composition to cyanobacterial dominance. Although labile nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fuel primary production, micronutrients also play roles as the enzymatic engines that facilitate rapid and efficient growth and toxin production. Macro- and micronutrient availability can shape community composition and function by selecting for particular taxa.

Modulation of Urea Transport Attenuates TLR2-Mediated Microglial Activation and Upregulates Microglial Metabolism In Vitro.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder traditionally characterised by the presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles in the brain. However, emerging research has highlighted additional metabolic hallmarks of AD pathology. These include the metabolic reprogramming of microglia in favour of glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation.

Sports Injury Surveillance Systems: A Scoping Review of Practice and Methodologies.

Injury prevention/reduction strategies are driven by data collected through injury surveillance systems. The aim of this review was to describe injury surveillance systems that are used for ongoing surveillance in either a professional or amateur sporting environment. This was an update to a review done in 2015 to determine the gaps in injury surveillance.

IMRA/SRS Delphi consensus on international standards for common core components of robotic surgical training design.

Robotic surgery has expanded internationally at pace. There are multiple local robotic training pathways but there is inconsistency in standardisation of core common components for curricula internationally. A framework is required to define key objectives that can be implemented across robotic training ecosystems.

Urbanization and Suspended Sediment Transport Dynamics: A Comparative Study of Watersheds with Varying Degree of Urbanization Using Concentration-Discharge Hysteresis.

Suspended sediment is a critical water quality parameter and an indicator of geomorphic processes, but suspended sediment dynamics in urban streams may not conform to the first-flush model widely used for other pollutants. We analyzed discharge and turbidity data for 367 events from three urban watersheds (impervious cover 16-45%) in Cleveland, Ohio (USA). Less intensely urbanized watersheds exhibit higher turbidity compared to that of the most highly urbanized watershed.

Cytologic Assessment of the Supernatants of Formalin Solution Following Histologic Examination of Transurethral Biopsy/Resection Specimens.

Context.—: Urothelial denudation seen in transurethral biopsy specimens may occasionally indicate the presence of discohesive high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC).

Objective.

The impact of COVID-19 on people with epilepsy: Global results from the coronavirus and epilepsy study.

Objective: To characterize the experience of people with epilepsy and aligned healthcare workers (HCWs) during the first 18 months of the COVID-19 pandemic and compare experiences in high-income countries (HICs) with non-HICs.

Methods: Separate surveys for people with epilepsy and HCWs were distributed online in April 2020. Responses were collected to September 2021.

Relationship between Exhaled Aerosol and Carbon Dioxide Emission Across Respiratory Activities.

Respiratory particles produced during vocalized and nonvocalized activities such as breathing, speaking, and singing serve as a major route for respiratory pathogen transmission. This work reports concomitant measurements of exhaled carbon dioxide volume (VCO) and minute ventilation (VE), along with exhaled respiratory particles during breathing, exercising, speaking, and singing. Exhaled CO and VE measured across healthy adult participants follow a similar trend to particle number concentration during the nonvocalized exercise activities (breathing at rest, vigorous exercise, and very vigorous exercise).

Proteomic profiling of polyglucosan bodies associated with glycogenin-1 deficiency in skeletal muscle.

Aims: Polyglucosan storage disorders represent an emerging field within neurodegenerative and neuromuscular conditions, including Lafora disease (EPM2A, EPM2B), adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD, GBE1), polyglucosan body myopathies associated with RBCK1 deficiency (PGBM1, RBCK1) or glycogenin-1 deficiency (PGBM2, GYG1). While the storage material primarily comprises glycans, this study aimed to gain deeper insights into the protein components by proteomic profiling of the storage material in glycogenin-1 deficiency.

Methods: We employed molecular genetic analyses, quantitative mass spectrometry of laser micro-dissected polyglucosan bodies and muscle homogenate, immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses in muscle tissue from a 45-year-old patient with proximal muscle weakness from late teenage years due to polyglucosan storage myopathy.

Human activities shape global patterns of decomposition rates in rivers.

Rivers and streams contribute to global carbon cycling by decomposing immense quantities of terrestrial plant matter. However, decomposition rates are highly variable and large-scale patterns and drivers of this process remain poorly understood. Using a cellulose-based assay to reflect the primary constituent of plant detritus, we generated a predictive model (81% variance explained) for cellulose decomposition rates across 514 globally distributed streams.

Clinical characteristics of patients with refractory non-epileptic seizures.

Objectives: This incidence of non-epileptic seizures (NES) is estimated at 1-35 per 100,000 population. While many patients achieve remission, a significant fraction of patients have a poor prognosis despite optimal interventions. This study reports on the characteristics of patients with refractory NES diagnosed and treated at a comprehensive epilepsy centre.

Somatic variants as a cause of drug-resistant epilepsy including mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis.

Objective: The contribution of somatic variants to epilepsy has recently been demonstrated, particularly in the etiology of malformations of cortical development. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic yield of somatic variants in genes that have been previously associated with a somatic or germline epilepsy model, ascertained from resected brain tissue from patients with multidrug-resistant focal epilepsy.

Methods: Forty-two patients were recruited across three categories: (1) malformations of cortical development, (2) mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis, and (3) nonlesional focal epilepsy.

Regional investigation of UT-B urea transporters in the rat brain.

Recent studies have reported increased levels of urea in the aging brain and various neurological disorders. Additionally, these diseased tissues also have increased expression of the UT-B transporter that regulates urea transport in the brain. However, little is known regarding the actual UT-B protein distribution across the brain in either normal or diseased states.

Micronutrients and nutritional status among children living with HIV with and without severe acute malnutrition: IMPAACT P1092.

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies from malabsorption, gut infections, and altered gut barrier function are common in children living with the human immunodeficiency virus (CLHIV) and may worsen with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Exploratory data of baseline zinc and selenium levels and changes over 48 weeks in children living with HIV by nutritional status are presented.

Methods: Zinc, selenium, serum protein and albumin levels measured at study entry and over 48 weeks were compared between children aged 6 to < 36 months who were living with HIV and had SAM or mild malnutrition-normal nutrition.

Sublethal nickel toxicity shuts off manganese oxidation and pellicle biofilm formation in Pseudomonas putida GB-1.

In sediments, the bioavailability and toxicity of Ni are strongly influenced by its sorption to manganese (Mn) oxides, which largely originate from the redox metabolism of microbes. However, microbes are concurrently susceptible to the toxic effects of Ni, which establishes complex interactions between toxicity and redox processes. This study measured the effect of Ni on growth, pellicle biofilm formation and oxidation of the Mn-oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas putida GB-1.

Vagus nerve stimulation in refractory idiopathic generalised epilepsy: An Irish retrospective observational study.

Objective: Refractory idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE; also known as genetic generalised epilepsy) is a clinical challenge due to limited available therapeutic options. While vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is approved as an adjunctive treatment for drug-resistant focal epilepsy, there is limited evidence supporting its efficacy for refractory IGE.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre retrospective analysis of adult IGE patients treated with VNS between January 2003 and January 2022.

Motion Robust MR Fingerprinting Scan to Image Neonates With Prenatal Opioid Exposure.

Purpose: To explore whether MR fingerprinting (MRF) scans provide motion-robust and quantitative brain tissue measurements for non-sedated infants with prenatal opioid exposure (POE).

Study Type: Prospective.

Population: 13 infants with POE (3 male; 12 newborns (age 7-65 days) and 1 infant aged 9-months).

Motion robust MR fingerprinting scan to image neonates with prenatal opioid exposure.

Background: A noninvasive and sensitive imaging tool is needed to assess the fast-evolving baby brain. However, using MRI to study non-sedated babies faces roadblocks, including high scan failure rates due to subjects motion and the lack of quantitative measures for assessing potential developmental delays. This feasibility study explores whether MR Fingerprinting scans can provide motion-robust and quantitative brain tissue measurements for non-sedated infants with prenatal opioid exposure, presenting a viable alternative to clinical MR scans.