Bone Mineral Content Distribution in Response to Long-term Training of Elite Rowers.

Background/aim: Bone response to exercise depends on the type and size of the mechanical stimulus. In rowing, athletes are exposed to low mechanical but large compression loads mainly on the trunk. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of rowing on total and regional bone quality and bone turnover parameters in elite rowing athletes vs.

Total water intake guidelines are sufficient for optimal hydration in United States adults.

Purpose: Recent studies suggest that 24-h urine osmolality (UOsm) for optimal water intake should be maintained < 500 mmol·kg. The purpose of this study was to determine the total water intake (TWI) requirement for healthy adults to maintain optimal hydration as indicated by 24-h urine osmolality < 500 mmol·kg.

Methods: Twenty-four-hour UOsm was assessed in 49 men and 50 women residing in the United States (age: 41 ± 14 y, body mass index: 26.

Coffee with High but Not Low Caffeine Content Augments Fluid and Electrolyte Excretion at Rest.

Background: Low levels of caffeine ingestion do not induce dehydration at rest, while it is not clear if larger doses do have an acute diuretic effect. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the acute effect of low and high levels of caffeine, coffee, on fluid balance in habitual coffee drinkers (at least one per day) at rest.

Methods: Ten healthy adults (eight males and two females; age: 27 ± 5 years, weight: 89.

Reduced water intake deteriorates glucose regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Epidemiological research has demonstrated that low daily total water intake is associated with increased diagnosis of hyperglycemia. Possible mechanisms for this increase include hormones related to the hypothalamic pituitary axis as well as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Therefore, the hypothesis of the present study was that acute low water intake would result in differential hormonal profiles and thus impaired blood glucose regulation during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Prescribed Drinking Leads to Better Cycling Performance than Ad Libitum Drinking.

Unlabelled: Drinking ad libitum during exercise often leads to dehydration ranging from -1% to -3% of body weight.

Purpose: This article aimed to study the effect of a prescribed hydration protocol matching fluid losses on a simulated 30-km criterium-like cycling performance in the heat (31.6°C ± 0.

Fluid Balance of Adolescent Swimmers During Training.

Swimming, either competitively or leisurely, is a unique activity that involves prolonged exercise while immersed in stable water temperatures. This environment could have an influence on the hydration status of swimmers independently of fluid balance. Forty-six healthy adolescent swimmers (26 males and 20 females; 12.

Mild dehydration and cycling performance during 5-kilometer hill climbing.

Context: Hydration has been shown to be an important factor in performance; however, the effects of mild dehydration during intense cycling are not clear.

Objective: To determine the influence of mild dehydration on cycling performance during an outdoor climbing trial in the heat (ambient temperature = 29.0°C ± 2.

Mild hypohydration decreases cycling performance in the heat.

Introduction: Hypohydration exceeding 2% of body mass decreases exercise performance. However, the effects of mild hypohydration (<2%) are not clear.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mild hypohydration on cycling performance during a simulated-hill circuit course in a warm environment (32.

Ad libitum fluid intake does not prevent dehydration in suboptimally hydrated young soccer players during a training session of a summer camp.

Unlabelled: There is a lack of studies concerning hydration status of young athletes exercising in the heat.

Purpose: To assess preexercise hydration status in young soccer players during a summer sports camp and to evaluate body- water balance after soccer training sessions.

Methods: Initial hydration status was assessed in 107 young male soccer players (age 11-16 yr) during the 2nd day of the camp.