Long-term surgical outcome and impact on daily life activities of strabismus surgery in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy with and without previous orbital decompression.

Backgrounds: To report the long-term surgical outcomes and the impact on daily life activities of strabismus surgery in patients with Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy (TAO) with and without previous orbital decompression.

Methods: Patients who underwent strabismus surgery for TAO were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was to evaluate the influence of orbital decompression on the outcomes of TAO related strabismus surgery.

In vivo assessment of the ocular biomechanical properties in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Purpose: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is associated with an increased prevalence of open-angle glaucoma, attributed to variations of the pressure gradient between intraocular and intracranial compartments at the level of the lamina cribrosa (LC). As ocular biomechanics influence the behavior of the LC, and a lower corneal hysteresis (CH) has been associated to a higher risk of glaucomatous optic nerve damage, in this study we compared ocular biomechanics of iNPH patients with healthy subjects.

Methods:  Twenty-four eyes of 24 non-shunted iNPH patients were prospectively recruited.

Choroidal morphology and microvascular structure in eyes of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus before and after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt surgery.

The present study aims to investigate the choroidal morphology and microvascular structure in eyes of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) compared with the eyes of healthy age-matched individuals, and to assess the choroidal structure in eyes of iNPH patients before and after shunt surgery using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The primary objective was to assess the choroidal morphology in eyes of iNPH patients before and after ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) surgery compared to age and sex-matched healthy individuals. The secondary objective was to compare the choroidal morphology of iNPH patients before and after a mean of 56 days from shunt surgery.

Epidemiology, clinical features, and surgical outcomes of acute acquired concomitant esotropia associated with myopia.

Purpose: To analyze epidemiology, clinical features, and surgical outcomes of type III acute acquired concomitant esotropia (Bielschowsky esotropia (BE)).

Methods: The medical charts of patients diagnosed with acquired concomitant esotropia between 2013 and 2021 were reviewed. Assessed data were age, gender, age at diplopia onset, age at the diagnosis, refraction, visual acuity, neuroimaging, diplopia onset, angle of deviation, stereopsis, surgical procedure, amount of surgery, and relapse of diplopia after surgery.

AAPOS Adult Strabismus Committee's Report on the Status of Adult Strabismus Telemedicine.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of telemedicine in the treatment of adult patients with strabismus.

Methods: A 27-question online survey was sent to ophthalmologists of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) Adult Strabismus Committee. The questionnaire focused on the frequency of telemedicine utilization, the benefits in the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of adult strabismus, and barriers of current forms of remote patient visits.

Evaluation of peripapillary vascular flow in patients with Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy (TAO) by OCT Angiography.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in peripapillary vascular blood flow indices (PVBFI) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) using OCT angiography (OCTA) technology.

Methods: Patients with TAO and control subjects matched for age and sex were included in the study. Eye examination, Clinical Activity Score (CAS) evaluation and OCTA scan analysis (Topcon ImageNet 6; DRI OCT Triton, Topcon Corporation) were performed.

Multitarget microangiopathy in a young healthy man with COVID-19 disease: A case report.

A 41-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of decrease of vision in his left eye. Initial examination was consistent with retrobulbar optic neuritis, and an intravenous drip of methylprednisolone was started. On the third day, the fundus examination revealed the appearance of multiple Purtscher-like cotton-wool spots in the posterior pole and nasally to the optic disc, slight retinal whitening around the fovea, and cherry-red spot.

Binocular treatment for amblyopia: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: To date, there is still no consensus regarding the effect of binocular treatment for amblyopia. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the available evidence to determine whether binocular treatment is more effective than patching in children with amblyopia.

Methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for studies that compared binocular treatment and patching in children with amblyopia.

Basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid margin: Dermoscopic clues in a case series.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) can sometimes affect the eyelids and in particular the eyelid margin, where it can often be misdiagnosed, mimicking other benign, more common diseases. Dermoscopy may provide additional diagnostic criteria for an earlier diagnosis of eyelid margin BCC, although the dermoscopic features of BCC affecting this anatomical site have seldom been reported. We highlight the peculiar presence of linear vessels perpendicular to the eyelid margin in BCCs of the eyelid margin.

Choroidal vascular changes after encircling scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Background/objectives: There is an ongoing debate on whether encircling scleral buckling (SB) procedure for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) may cause an impairment in choroidal blood flow. The aim of this study was to compare choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) between eyes that had undergone encircling SB with unoperated fellow eyes (FEs).

Subjects/methods: Thirty patients treated with encircling SB for unilateral RRD were included.

Augmented bimedial rectus muscles recession in acute acquired concomitant esotropia associated with myopia.

Objective: To review the clinical features of acute acquired concomitant esotropia in myopia and the results of augmented bilateral symmetrical medial rectus recession.

Methods: The medical charts of 50 patients diagnosed with acute acquired concomitant esotropia associated with myopia between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed. The dose-response was calculated, and the relationship of sex, age, refraction, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), preoperative deviation angle, and stereopsis with surgical results were analysed.

Nutritional Optic Neuropathies: State of the Art and Emerging Evidences.

Nutritional optic neuropathy is a cause of bilateral, symmetrical, and progressive visual impairment with loss of central visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, dyschromatopsia, and a central or centrocecal scotoma. The clinical features are not pathognomonic, since hereditary and toxic forms share similar signs and symptoms. It is becoming increasingly common due to the widespread of bariatric surgery and strict vegetarian or vegan diets, so even the scientific interest has recently increased.

Acute acquired concomitant esotropia associated with myopia: is the condition related to any binocular function failure?

Purpose: To evaluate the sensory motor state, accommodation, and accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio (AC/A) in a cohort of non-amblyopic myopes with acquired concomitant esotropia (Bielschowsky esotropia (BE)).

Methods: Refraction, near and far deviation, fusional amplitude (FA), near point of accommodation (NPA), AC/A (gradient method), and stereopsis were measured in a cohort of 26 patients (25 phakic and 1 pseudophakic, age: 14-60 years) with BE, prospectively recruited from January to September 2019 at St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.

Corneal Biomechanical Response Alteration After Scleral Buckling Surgery for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

Purpose: To compare the corneal biomechanics of eyes that underwent scleral buckle (SB) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with those of fellow eyes (fellow eyes) and to further investigate the effects of SB on intraocular pressure (IOP) values.

Design: Retrospective, fellow-eye matched cohort study.

Methods: A total of 18 consecutive patients (11 males and 7 females) treated with SB for RRD in 1 eye were enrolled.

Impact of cataract surgery on depression and cognitive function: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Importance: In elderly people, visual impairment is associated with depressive symptoms and cognitive decline. However, the impact of cataract surgery on depression and cognitive impairment is still controversial.

Background: To evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on depression and cognitive status in the elderly.

Steady-State Pattern Electroretinogram and Frequency Doubling Technology in Adult Dyslexic Readers.

Purpose: Dyslexia is a reading disorder with neurological deficit of the magnocellular pathway. The aim of our study was to evaluate the functionality of the magnocellular-Y (M-Y) retinal ganglion cells in adult dyslexic subjects using steady-state pattern electroretinogram and frequency doubling perimetry.

Methods: Ten patients with dyslexia (7 females and 3 males), mean age 28.

Ocular surface status in patients with hemifacial spasm under long-lasting treatment with botulinum A toxin: A comparative fellow eye study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of long-lasting botulinum A toxin injections on ocular surface parameters and to further investigate the relationship between these parameters and the duration of the treatment.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with unilateral hemifacial spasm who were receiving botulinum A toxin injections for at least 1 year were analyzed. Healthy contralateral eyes acted as controls.

Role of Statins and Ascorbic Acid in the Natural History of Diabetic Retinopathy: A New, Affordable Therapy?

Background And Objective: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a worldwide health problem, and intravitreal injections of anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic agents represent the leading therapy to effectively treat DR and its complications. However, they are expensive, invasive, and stressful for patients. This study aims to demonstrate that statins and vitamin C (alone or in combination with statins) as complementary therapy could have an impact on the nonproliferative DR (NPDR) complication rate.

Choroidal Vascular Changes in Arteritic and Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.

Purpose: To compare choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in patients with arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (A-AION), nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION), and control subjects.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: This study was conducted at the Ophthalmology Unit of the S.