Patient-centric care in myelodysplastic syndromes: A global systematic literature review and gap analysis.

Background: Disease progression and poor prognosis in higher-risk (HR) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) create an urgent need for interventions to improve the patient care experience in this vulnerable population. Patient-centric physician-supported strategies in conjunction with emerging therapies can help advance overall care and improve outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate patient-centric care (PCC) in the treatment of HR-MDS and identify opportunities to develop strategies to address care gaps for an optimal patient care experience.

Real-World Study of the Burden of Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Patients and Their Caregivers in Europe and the United States.

Introduction: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by bone marrow failure, peripheral blood cytopenias and a high risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is associated with a poor prognosis and low survival rates. This study combined surveys with patient chart reviews to document real-world clinical practice and burden of MDS, including perspectives of physicians, patients and caregivers and underlying discrepancies.

Methods: Physicians in major European countries and the US provided information on 1445 patients, stratified into lower- (LR) and higher-risk (HR) MDS.

Estimating the cost of university-based outbreaks of serogroup B meningococcal disease with different pre-matriculation vaccination policies in the United States.

We developed an Excel-based cost calculator to assess the economic burden of university-based serogroup B (MenB) outbreaks. Hypothetical university with 6,354 students. Total societal costs of outbreak were estimated for three MenB pre-matriculation immunization policies-vaccination required, vaccination recommended, and no vaccine policy-under three different cost assumptions (low/mid-range/high cost).

Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes of triple-class treated patients with multiple myeloma in the United States.

Objectives: Although multiple myeloma (MM) survival has improved following the introduction of proteosome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and anti-CD38 therapies, patients become refractory to these agents. Real-world outcomes of triple-class exposed patients are limited and were investigated in this study.

Methods: The Integra Connect Database was used to assess the treatment patterns of triple-class exposed patients with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) (January 2016-December 2019).

An Epidemiology Model for Estimating the Numbers of US Patients With Multiple Myeloma by Line of Therapy and Treatment Exposure.

Objectives: Estimates on the distribution of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) by line of therapy (LOT) are scarce and get outdated quickly as new treatments become available. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of patients with MM by LOT and the number of patients who have received at least 4 previous LOTs including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).

Methods: A compartmental model was developed to calculate the number of patients by LOT.

Physician treatment preferences for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a discrete choice experiment.

This study aimed to assess physician preferences for later lines (third to fifth) of therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in the USA. Factors relevant to physicians' treatment preferences for RRMM were identified from a literature search and refined in a qualitative phase. Preferences were quantitatively assessed using a discrete choice experiment.

Meningococcal Vaccination Rates Among People With a New Diagnosis of HIV Infection in the US.

Importance: In the United States, individuals with HIV infection have been recommended to receive a 2-dose series of the meningococcal A, C, W, Y (MenACWY) vaccine since 2016 owing to their increased risk of meningococcal disease.

Objective: To examine uptake and time to receipt of the MenACWY vaccine among people with a new diagnosis of HIV.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used health insurance data from the US Optum Research Database from January 1, 2016, through March 31, 2018, to retrospectively identify 1208 individuals aged 2 years or older with 1 or more inpatient claim or 2 or more outpatient claims evidencing a new diagnosis of HIV infection and with continuous insurance enrollment for 12 or more months before and 6 or more months after diagnosis.

The impact of community pharmacy utilization of immunization information systems on vaccination rates: Results of a clustered randomized controlled trial.

Background: Adult immunization rates in the United States remain low. More convenient access to immunization information systems (IIS) may improve vaccination rates.

Objective: The objective of this multilevel, clustered, randomized controlled study was to measure the impact of providing pharmacists with software and training to query IIS for patient vaccine history/recommendations on adult influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, and Td/Tdap vaccination rates.

Low Meningococcal Vaccination Rates Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Complement Component Deficiencies in the United States.

Meningococcal vaccination is recommended for patients with complement component deficiencies (CDs) in the United States. In this retrospective database study, only 4.6% and 2.

DREAMM-2: Indirect Comparisons of Belantamab Mafodotin vs. Selinexor + Dexamethasone and Standard of Care Treatments in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Introduction: Single-agent belantamab mafodotin (belamaf; BLENREP) demonstrated deep and durable responses in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and ≥ 3 prior lines of therapy, including an immunomodulatory agent, proteasome inhibitor, and anti-CD38 antibody (DREAMM-2; NCT03525678).

Methods: At the time of this study, STORM Part 2, NCT02336815 (selinexor plus low-dose dexamethasone; sel + dex) was systematically identified as the only feasible comparator to the DREAMM-2 cohort. Matching-adjusted indirect comparisons (MAIC) evaluated efficacy and safety of belamaf (2.

Budget Impact of Belantamab Mafodotin (Belamaf) Adoption in the Treatment of Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma in the United States.

Purpose: Estimate the budget impact of belantamab mafodotin (belamaf) for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who have received ≥4 prior therapies, including an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, a proteasome inhibitor, and an immunomodulatory agent.

Methods: A budget impact analysis (BIA) was developed to estimate the cost difference between current (no belamaf) and projected (with belamaf) market scenarios over 3 years. Comparators were identified from a systematic literature review and included selinexor + dexamethasone or best supportive care.

Belantamab mafodotin for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in heavily pretreated patients: a US cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background: Patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) require several lines of therapy, with typically shorter remission duration with each additional line.

Research Design And Methods: The cost-effectiveness of belantamab mafodotin (belamaf; DREAMM-2; NCT03525678) was compared with selinexor plus dexamethasone (SEL+DEX; STORM Part 2; NCT02336815) among patients with RRMM who have received at least four prior therapies. The base case used a US commercial payer's perspective over a 10-year time horizon.

Cost-benefit analysis of vaccination against four preventable diseases in older adults: Impact of an aging population.

Objective: This exploratory study estimates the economic value of the current vaccination program and increased coverage against four preventable diseases in older adults in the United States (US).

Methods: A population-based, age-structured economic model was used to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of vaccination against influenza, pertussis, herpes zoster, and pneumococcal disease among US adults aged 50 years and older, accounting for aging of the population. The model used separate decision trees for each disease to project the discounted number of vaccinated individuals, number of disease cases, and direct medical and indirect costs (2018 US$) over a 30-year period.

State-Level Variations and Factors Associated with Adult Vaccination Coverage: A Multilevel Modeling Approach.

Background: Adult vaccination rates in the USA are generally low and fall short of public health goals.

Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of state-level characteristics on adult vaccination coverage in the USA.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of 2015-2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, conducted from March to October 2019 and including seasonal influenza; pneumococcal; tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap); and herpes zoster (HZ) vaccines.

Meningococcal vaccination in patients with newly diagnosed asplenia in the United States.

Background: Patients with asplenia are recommended to receive meningococcal ACWY (MenACWY) and B (MenB) vaccines in the United States (US).

Objectives: To examine uptake and time to receipt of meningococcal vaccines in newly diagnosed asplenia patients, and identify factors associated with vaccination.

Methods: For this retrospective database analysis, patients were identified from 1/1/2010 (MenACWY) or 1/1/2015 (MenB) through 3/31/2018 from an administrative claims database including commercially insured US patients with ≥1 inpatient or ≥2 outpatient claims with evidence of a new asplenia diagnosis (sickle cell disease was excluded); continuous enrollment for ≥12 months before and ≥6 months after the index date; and age ≥2 (MenACWY) or ≥10 (MenB) years.

Estimate of multiple myeloma patients by line of therapy in the USA: population-level projections 2020-2025.

To report the results of a patient epidemiology model for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment by line of therapy (LOT) in the USA. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry data and physician surveys were combined to project the incidence, prevalence and the number of MM patients treated with systemic therapy by LOT between 2020 and 2025. Projected complete MM prevalence in the USA in 2020 was 144,922, increasing to 162,339 in 2025.

Modelling the impact of 4CMenB and MenACWY meningococcal combined vaccination strategies including potential 4CMenB cross-protection: An application to England.

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), an uncommon but severe disease, affects mainly infants, young children and adolescents. Meningococcal B (4CMenB) and ACWY (MenACWY) vaccines targeting IMD-causing serogroups B and A, C, W and Y, respectively are available for these mostly-affected age-groups. The objective was to assess the impact of 4CMenB and/or MenACWY vaccination strategies on IMD in England, considering MenACWY carriage protection and potential cross-protection of 4CMenB against non-B serogroups.

Impact of population aging on the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among older adults in the United States.

Despite vaccination recommendations, the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases remains high in older adults in the United States (US), contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care resource use and costs. To adequately plan for health care resource needs and to help inform vaccination policies, burden of disease projections that account for population aging over the coming decades are needed. As a first step, this exploratory study projects the burden of influenza, pertussis, herpes zoster, and pneumococcal disease in adults aged 50 y and older in the US, using a population-based modeling framework with separate decision trees for each vaccine-preventable disease.

The adult vaccination landscape in the United States during the Affordable Care Act era: Results from a large retrospective database analysis.

Background: Early provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) reduced financial barriers to preventive care, including routinely recommended vaccines; however, vaccination coverage remains suboptimal. This study examined characteristics of routine adult vaccinations and potential missed opportunities for vaccinations through the lens of healthcare resource utilization among adults in the ACA era.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of healthcare claims from the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (CCAE), Medicare Supplemental (MS), and Multi-State Medicaid databases among adults aged 19 years or older.

Meningococcal-group B (MenB) vaccine series completion and adherence to dosing schedule in the United States: A retrospective analysis by vaccine and payer type.

Background: Two MenB vaccines with different dosing schedules are approved in the US: MenB-4C (2 doses) and MenB-FHbp (2-3 doses). Both vaccines were licensed on the basis of immunogenicity demonstrated after vaccine series completion. We evaluated vaccination completion and adherence to dosing schedules.

Determinants of Meningococcal ACWY vaccination in adolescents in the US: completion and compliance with the CDC recommendations.

Since 2011, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidelines for routine MenACWY vaccination in the US include a primary dose before age 16 y, preferably at ages 11-12 y, with a booster dose at age 16 y. Data on rates and drivers of meningococcal vaccination completion (receipt of both doses) and compliance with recommendations (receipt of primary dose at ages 11-12 y followed by booster at 16 y) down to state-level are limited.This study evaluated rates and determinants of MenACWY vaccination completion and compliance in adolescents aged 17 y based on data from the annual National Immunization Survey-Teen between 2011 and 2016.

Meningococcal Vaccination Among Adolescents in the United States: A Tale of Two Age Platforms.

Purpose: Despite recommended routine vaccination with meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) at ages 11-12 years with a booster at age 16 years, national estimates indicate MenACWY uptake is lower in older adolescents than younger adolescents. This study aimed to identify factors associated with MenACWY uptake among adolescents.

Methods: Commercial Claims and Encounters (CCAE) and Medicaid MarketScan Databases from 2011 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed (2017) to determine receipt of ≥1 dose of MenACWY during early (10.

Is patient insurance type related to physician recommendation, administration and referral for adult vaccination? A survey of US physicians.

This study evaluated physician practices and perceived barriers for influenza, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap), and zoster vaccination of adults in the United States (US), with emphasis on patients with Medicare versus commercial insurance. A cross-sectional internet-based survey of board-certified general/family practitioners and internists (N = 1,000) recruited from a national US physician panel was conducted in May 2017. For influenza, rates of physician recommendation (84% of Medicare patients, 82% of commercially-insured patients), administration (80% Medicare, 78% commercial), and referral (11% Medicare, 11% commercial) were similar regardless of insurance type.

Biased efficacy estimates in phase-III dengue vaccine trials due to heterogeneous exposure and differential detectability of primary infections across trial arms.

Vaccine efficacy (VE) estimates are crucial for assessing the suitability of dengue vaccine candidates for public health implementation, but efficacy trials are subject to a known bias to estimate VE toward the null if heterogeneous exposure is not accounted for in the analysis of trial data. In light of many well-characterized sources of heterogeneity in dengue virus (DENV) transmission, our goal was to estimate the potential magnitude of this bias in VE estimates for a hypothetical dengue vaccine. To ensure that we realistically modeled heterogeneous exposure, we simulated city-wide DENV transmission and vaccine trial protocols using an agent-based model calibrated with entomological and epidemiological data from long-term field studies in Iquitos, Peru.