Cytokine expression profiles in children and adolescents with tic disorders.

The etiology of tic disorders (TDs) is not precisely known, although several lines of evidence suggest involvement of the immune system in pathogenesis. Here, we aimed to determine the expression levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with TD and compare them with those of healthy controls. Furthermore, we also evaluated their association with clinical variables in the TD group.

miR-132 and miR-942 Expression Levels in Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: A Controlled Study.

Objective: Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disease with high genetic transition, our knowledge about the mechanism of the disease is limited. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the levels of miR-132-3p and miR-942-5p that are associated with the dopamine carrier protein gene (DAT1) and dopamine receptor 5 (DRD5) genes, which have been shown to play a role in the development of ADHD.

Methods: According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition, 50 children diagnosed with ADHD and 48 healthy controls were included in the study.

Cytokine expression profiles in Autism spectrum disorder: A multi-center study from Turkey.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in communication and social interaction as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. The pathogenesis of ASD is not completely understood, but a growing body of research has demonstrated that the immune response may be a contributing factor in the etiology and/ or ontogeny of ASD. The aim of this study was to determine the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α and TGF-β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with ASD and healthy controls in order to determine the contributions of cytokines to ASD.

The prevalence of childhood psychopathology in Turkey: a cross-sectional multicenter nationwide study (EPICPAT-T).

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood psychopathologies in Turkey.

Method: A nation-wide, randomly selected, representative population of 5830 children (6-13 years-old) enrolled as a 2nd,3rd or 4th grade student in 30 cities were evaluated for presence of a psychiatric or mental disorder by a Sociodemographic Form, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and DSM-IV-Based Screening Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents scales. Impairment criterion was assessed via a 3 point-Likert scale by the parent and the teacher independently.

The Impact of Whole Body Vibration Therapy on Spasticity and Disability of the Patients with Poststroke Hemiplegia.

Objective: To determine if whole body vibration therapy (WBV) effectively improves functional outcome in patients with poststroke hemiplegia.

Materials And Methods: In this single-blind RCT, WBV group ( = 10) had 40 hz frequency/4 mm amplitude vibration during 5 minutes/session, 3 days a week, for a duration of 4 weeks. The control group ( = 11) had no vibration therapy for the same duration while standing on the same platform.

Comparison of Depression and Burnout Levels of Mothers of Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Before and After Treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the depression and burnout levels of mothers of children having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) between the child's pre- and posttreatment periods.

Method: The study sample consisted of 40 children aged between 4 and 10 years and their mothers. Initially, 40 cases participated, but during the follow-up, 19 cases dropped out.

Effects of whole body vibration therapy in pain, function and depression of the patients with fibromyalgia.

Aim: Aim of the study is to search the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) in fibromyalgia patients.

Materials And Methods: In this single blind study 20 fibromyalgia patients were diagnosed according to 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria whom participated in the study with the mean age of 57 ± 7 (years). Participants were randomized into 2 equal groups.