Glycaemic control during the lockdown for COVID-19 in adults with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

Aims: To assess the effects of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic on glucose metrics, measured by glucose monitoring systems, in adult individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search for English language articles from MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science up to February 28, 2021, using "diabetes", "lockdown", and "glucose" as key search terms. Time in range (TIR) was the main outcome; other metrics were time above range (TAR), time below range (TBR), mean blood glucose (MBG) and its variability (%CV), estimated HbA1c (eA1c) or glucose management indicator (GMI).

Type 1 diabetes and COVID-19: The "lockdown effect".

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect the lockdown imposed during COVID-19 outbreak on the glycemic control of people with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) using Continuous (CGM) or Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed glucose reading obtained by FGM or CGM in T1D subjects. Sensor data from 2 weeks before the lockdown (Period 0, P), 2 weeks immediately after the lockdown (period 1, P), in mid-lockdown (Period 2, P) and immediately after end of lockdown (Period 3, P) were analyzed.

A Case of Unilateral Dermopathy Possibly Related to Graves' Disease.

Background: The pathogenesis of the extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves' disease (GD) is not fully clarified. According to the most common hypothesis, they would reflect an autoimmune reaction against antigens constitutively expressed by the thyroid and by the extrathyroidal affected tissues. According to another hypothesis, the so-called Kriss' hypothesis, soluble autoantigens released from the thyroid would reach the affected tissues, where they would become the target of the immune system.

Freestyle Libre trend arrows for the management of adults with insulin-treated diabetes: A practical approach.

Freestyle Libre (FSL) system is a new method to detect glucose enabling a new paradigm in glucose monitoring and self-management. The sensor, reading the interstitial fluid glucose concentration, provides a numerical data of glucose level and a trend arrow that add context to static measurement of glucose level. Therefore, patients could easily follow the progression of their glucose levels over the time, allowing early detection and timely treatment of deviations from targeted glucose level range, thus preventing extreme fluctuations.