Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) can reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure and ischemic heart disease. In addition, these agents have been used in patients with diabetic nephropathy to control proteinuria and slow down chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Current guidelines recommend against the use of MRAs in patients with advanced CKD.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of urethrovesical junction mobility: correlation with type of delivery and stress urinary incontinence.

Introduction And Hypothesis: A relationship between urinary incontinence and hypermobility of the urethrovesical junction (UVJ) during pregnancy has been described. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of vaginal delivery (VD) and caesarean section (CS) on UVJ mobility.

Methods: The retrovesical angle (RVA) and the anterior angle between the UVJ and the pubic bone, the pubovesical angle (PVA), were evaluated ultrasonographically in controls and pregnant women during their first pregnancy between 38 and 40 weeks, and then re-evaluated 6 weeks and 6 months after delivery.

Bisphenol A and congenital developmental defects in humans.

Over 50% of the causes of fetal malformations in humans are still unknown. Recent evidence suggests the relationship between environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors and fetal malformations. Our study aims to establish the role of Bisphenol A (BPA), if any, in altering human reproduction.

Pharmacological treatment of urinary incontinence.

We present an overview of the current pharmacological treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in women, according to the latest evidence available. After a brief description of the lower urinary tract receptors and mediators (detrusor, bladder neck, and urethra), the potential sites of pharmacological manipulation in the treatment of UI are discussed. Each class of drug used to treat UI has been evaluated, taking into account published rate of effectiveness, different doses, and way of administration.

Pharmacological approach to overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence in women: an overview.

Besides life-style changes, electrical stimulation or surgery, pharmacological treatment is becoming the first-choice approach in women suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), including urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and overactive bladder (OAB). Several drugs for the treatment of bladder storage and voiding disorders are currently available and, in the near future, novel compounds with higher specificity for the lower urinary tract receptors will be accessible. This will bring optimization of therapy, reducing side effects and increasing compliance, especially in patients with comorbidities and in women.