Identification of red flags for IgG4-related disease: an international European Reference Network for Rare Connective Tissue Diseases framework.

IgG4-related disease is a rare fibroinflammatory condition. Prompt recognition is fundamental to initiate treatment and to prevent organ damage. Diagnostic and classification criteria are primarily intended for use by clinicians with established expertise in IgG4-related disease.

Axial spondyloarthritis: one year in review 2023.

Axial spondyloarthritides (axSpA) are a group of systemic autoimmune diseases, characterised by an inflammatory involvement of the axial skeleton, which, in the earlier phases, cannot be detected by conventional radiology, but only by magnetic resonance imaging, thus defining the so-called non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA). The initial osteitis then tends to complicate into bone reabsorption and aberrant bone deposition, which then determines the ankylosis of the axial skeleton in the latest phases of the disease.Peripheral joints may also be affected, enthesitis being its more characteristic manifestation.

Psoriatic arthritis: one year in review 2022.

Psoriatic arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease, in which a characteristic heterogeneous inflammatory involvement of entheses and both peripheral and axial joints tends to be associated with different clinical features, in particular skin or nail psoriasis, but also inflammatory bowel diseases, or acute anterior uveitis. Patients with PsA are at higher risk of developing comorbidities, in particular metabolic syndrome, with a significant impact on their quality of life. Although the advanced knowledge in the pathogenetic mechanisms of PsA helped in developing an abundant therapeutical armamentarium, the available drugs might still show a suboptimal efficacy.

Combination of denosumab and biologic DMARDs in inflammatory muscle-skeletal diseases and connective tissue diseases.

Objective: Osteoporosis (OP) can complicate the course of rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody against RANK-L, showed beneficial effect in rheumatoid arthritis in inhibiting radiographic progression and erosive burden. We tested the efficacy, safety, and persistence on the treatment of the combination of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs)/denosumab versus bDMARD in patients with RMD and CTD.