Diversity and Pathogenicity of Species Isolated from Olives in Istria, Croatia, and Evaluation of Varietal Resistance.

During 2021 and 2022, a field investigation was conducted in Istria, Croatia, searching for trees exhibiting signs of Botryosphaeria dieback. Samples of symptomatic trees were collected from 26 different locations and analysed. Isolates that morphologically corresponded to species from the family were selected, and detailed morphological characterisation and molecular identification of the isolates were conducted.

First Report of Hemp Fusarium Wilt Caused by in Croatia.

Wilted hemp ( L.) plants were observed in August 2019 in commercial fields around Osijek, Croatia. Plants and roots with disease symptoms were collected.

First Report of Olive Branch Dieback in Croatia Caused by Défago.

Olive ( L.) is a very important crop grown in the Mediterranean part of Croatia. Olive branch and fruit dieback symptoms were observed in two olive orchards in Istria, Croatia.

Antifungal Activities of Fluorinated Pyrazole Aldehydes on Phytopathogenic Fungi, and Their Effect on Entomopathogenic Nematodes, and Soil-Beneficial Bacteria.

Fluoro-substituted pyrazoles have a wide range of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activities of fluorinated 4,5-dihydro-1-pyrazole derivatives on four phytopathogenic fungi: , , f. sp, and .

First Report of Charcoal Rot Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on Hemp in Croatia.

The production of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) has had a sharp increase in the past five years in Croatia (Mihelcic 2017). Production has been in constant increase, from 1560 ha in 2015 to 2476 ha in 2019 (PAAFRD). In August 2019, numerous (~1.

First Report of Causing Olive Twig and Branch Dieback.

In an olive orchard on the western part of Istria, Croatia, twig and branch dieback was observed on several olive trees. In total, seven samples from symptomatic trees were collected. Samples were analyzed, and four fungal isolates showed morphological similarities to the species One isolate, chosen as a representative, was taken for molecular identification and pathogenicity tests.

Influence of side-chain length on antifungal efficacy of N-alkyl nicotinamide-based compounds.

This article presents fungicidal properties of 9 synthesized nicotinamide-bromides with different alkyl side chain lengths toward Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Botrytis cinerea which were examined. The fungicidal properties were determined by the measurement of the radial growth of fungi, followed by the calculation of the antifungal index. The obtained results were correlated with the descriptors from DFT calculations to determine structural features that affect the fungicidal properties of nicotinamides.

Effects of Coumarinyl Schiff Bases against Phytopathogenic Fungi, the Soil-Beneficial Bacteria and Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Deeper Insight into the Mechanism of Action.

Coumarin derivatives have been reported as strong antifungal agents against various phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, inhibitory effects of nine coumarinyl Schiff bases were evaluated against the plant pathogenic fungi ( f. sp.

Biological Activities Related to Plant Protection and Environmental Effects of Coumarin Derivatives: QSAR and Molecular Docking Studies.

The aim was to study the inhibitory effects of coumarin derivatives on the plant pathogenic fungi, as well as beneficial bacteria and nematodes. The antifungal assay was performed on four cultures of phytopathogenic fungi by measuring the radial growth of the fungal colonies. Antibacterial activity was determined by the broth microdilution method performed on two beneficial soil organisms.

Oxidative Status and Antioxidative Response to Attack and Different Nitrogen Levels in Winter Wheat Varieties.

Abiotic and biotic stresses, such as mineral nutrition deficiency (especially nitrogen) and attack, pose a global threat with devastating impact on wheat yield and quality losses worldwide. This preliminary study aimed to determine the effect of inoculation and two different nitrogen levels on oxidative status and antioxidative response in nine wheat varieties. Level of lipid peroxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase), phenolics, and chloroplast pigments content were measured.

Antifungal activities of silver and selenium nanoparticles stabilized with different surface coating agents.

Background: Extensive and growing use of different chemical pesticides that affect both the environment and human health raises a need for new and more suitable methods to deal with plant pathogens. Nanotechnology has enabled the use of materials at the nanoscale with exceptional functionality in different economic domains including agricultural production. This study aimed to evaluate antifungal potential of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stabilized with different surface coatings and characterized by different surface charge on plant pathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Diaporthe longicolla.

Correlation between lipophilicity of newly synthesized ionic liquids and selected genus growth rate.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of 23 different synthesized ionic liquids (ILs) on and growth rate. The strategy of IL synthesis was a structural modification of ionic liquids through changing the polarity of imidazolium and pycolinium cations and replacing halide anions with well known antifungal anions (cinnamate, caffeate and mandelate). The findings clearly suggest that the type of alkyl chain on the cation is the most determining factor for IL toxicity.

Structural basis for pH-insensitive inhibition of immunoglobulin G recycling by an anti-neonatal Fc receptor antibody.

The neonatal Fc receptor FcRn plays a critical role in the trafficking of IgGs across tissue barriers and in retaining high circulating concentrations of both IgG and albumin. Although generally beneficial from an immunological perspective in maintaining IgG populations, FcRn can contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders when an abnormal immune response targets normal biological components. We previously described a monoclonal antibody (DX-2507) that binds to FcRn with high affinity at both neutral and acidic pH, prevents the simultaneous binding of IgG, and reduces circulating IgG levels in preclinical animal models.

Inhibition of plasma kallikrein by a highly specific active site blocking antibody.

Plasma kallikrein (pKal) proteolytically cleaves high molecular weight kininogen to generate the potent vasodilator and the pro-inflammatory peptide, bradykinin. pKal activity is tightly regulated in healthy individuals by the serpin C1-inhibitor, but individuals with hereditary angioedema (HAE) are deficient in C1-inhibitor and consequently exhibit excessive bradykinin generation that in turn causes debilitating and potentially fatal swelling attacks. To develop a potential therapeutic agent for HAE and other pKal-mediated disorders, we used phage display to discover a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (DX-2930) against pKal.

First Report of Septoria Leaf Spot of Lavandin Caused by Septoria lavandulae in Croatia.

Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loiseleur, commonly known as lavandin, is an aromatic and medicinal perennial shrub widely and traditionally grown in Croatia. The lavandin essential oil is primarily used in perfumery and cosmetic industries, but also possesses anti-inflammatory, sedative, and antibacterial properties. In June 2012, severe foliar and stem symptoms were observed on approximately 40% of plants growing in a commercial lavandin crop in the locality of Banovo Brdo, Republic of Croatia.

An in vitro morphological investigation of the endodontic spaces of third molars.

Aim of this paper was to investigate the particular anatomic features of the endodontic space of third molars in the general population of Croatia. A total of 106 fully developed third molars (56 maxillar and 50 mandibular) has been analyzed. The respective number of roots and of root canals, the structure of the roots, and the curvature and absolute length of the root-canals were analyzed.

First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus Infecting Lavandula × intermedia in Croatia.

Lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loiseleur) is cultivated on a large scale in some South European countries for the extraction of essential oils or as an ornamental plant for gardens and landscapes. In May of 2012, virus-like symptoms including bright yellow calico mosaic, leaf distortion, and growth reduction were observed on 15% of lavandin plants in a commercial nursery in Banovo Brdo locality, Baranja County, Republic of Croatia. Leaves from 15 symptomatic lavandin plants were collected and examined by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using commercial antisera (Bioreba AG, Reinach, Switzerland) against two viruses known to infect Lavandula spp.

First Report of Foliar and Stem Blight on Sunflower Caused by Alternaria helianthiinficiens in Croatia.

Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) is the most important oilseed crop in Croatia. In August 2009, in six localities of eastern Croatia, severe foliar and stem blight symptoms were observed on several genotypes with disease incidence ranging from 10 to 50%.

First Report of Lavender Wilt Caused by Fusarium sporotrichioides in Croatia.

In May 2011, samples of lavender plants (Lavandula × intermedia) showing wilt symptoms were collected from two commercial plantings in Slavonia County. Disease was observed on 20 to 30% of the plants. Symptoms of the disease consisted of chlorosis, stunting, wilting, and death.

Resolving the Diaporthe species occurring on soybean in Croatia.

Diaporthe (anamorph = Phomopsis) species are plant pathogens and endophytes on a wide range of hosts including economically important crops. At least four Diaporthe taxa occur on soybean and they are responsible for serious diseases and significant yield losses. Although several studies have extensively described the culture and morphological characters of these pathogens, their taxonomy has not been fully resolved.

First Report of Cane Blight on Blackberry Caused by Diaporthe eres in Croatia.

A cane disease of blackberry (Rubus sp.) cv. Thornfree was observed in May and June 2010 in two growing regions in the eastern part of Slavonia in Croatia.

Xanthium italicum, Xanthium strumarium and Arctium lappa as new hosts for Diaporthe helianthi.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) stem canker caused by Diaporthe helianthi is one of the most important sunflower diseases in Croatia. Until recently, sunflower was the only known host for D. helianthi.

First Report of Diaporthe phaseolorum on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in Croatia.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a crop that is grown worldwide for the production of edible oil. In Croatia, it has considerable economic significance.

First Report of Phomopsis longicolla on Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) in Croatia.

Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.; family Asteraceae) is a widespread weed species in eastern Croatia found especially in arable crops including soybean. Symptoms of disease appear after the plants reach physiological maturity.