Optical coherence tomography angiography macular biomarkers of peripheral retinal ischemia in diabetic macular edema: secondary endpoints from the clinical study "FOVEA".

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the macular values of fractal dimension (FD) and lacunarity (LAC) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images and the presence of peripheral retina non-perfusion areas (NPAs) on fluorescein angiography (FA) in patients with treatment-naïve diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: Fifty patients with treatment-naïve DME underwent a full ophthalmic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity measurement, FA, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and OCTA. Specifically, FA was performed to detect the presence of retinal NPAs, whereas fractal OCTA analysis was used to determine macular FD and LAC values at the level of the superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP and DCP).

Predictive Factors of Visual Outcome in Treatment-Naïve Diabetic Macular Edema: Preliminary Results from the Clinical Study "FOVEA".

Unlabelled: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common cause of vision impairment in diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between visual outcome and anatomic changes detected by traditional multimodal retinal imaging and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in DME eyes under treatment with Aflibercept.

Methods: Sixty-six DME eyes of 62 patients under treatment with intravitreal Aflibercept and with one-year follow-up were enrolled.

POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION VERSUS TYPE 1 CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: A Fractal Analysis Study.

Purpose: To compare quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography parameters between polypoidal choroidal neovascularizations (PCNVs) and Type 1 choroidal neovascularizations (CNVs) in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: PCNV and Type 1 CNV lesions were retrospectively recruited in a cohort of patients with age-related macular degeneration. All the patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, including best-corrected visual acuity, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, structural optical coherence tomography (OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography.

OCT-Angiography as a reliable prognostic tool in laser-treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy: The RENOCTA Study.

Purpose: To quantitatively assess retinal neovascularizations (RNVs) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) before and after photocoagulative laser treatment (PLT) using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A).

Methods: Consecutive patients with PDR were examined with fluorescein angiography (FA) and OCT-A before and after PLT. Baseline and after-treatment FA images were quantitatively analyzed to assess both the RNVs area and leakage area.

Fractal analysis of polypoidal choroidal neovascularisation in age-related macular degeneration.

Aim: To describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) features of polypoidal choroidal neovascularisation (PCNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: A retrospective consecutive series of 51 patients with a diagnosis of PCNV, based on clinical and multimodal imaging, was analysed. All patients with PCNV underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCTA.

Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Biomarkers in a Treat-and-Extend Dosing Regimen in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) parameters and clinical outcomes in treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients treated with a treat-and-extend dosing regimen on a 12-month follow-up interval.

Methods: Observational, prospective study of consecutive patients. The treatment protocol was based on a loading dose of three anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections (IVI) followed by a treat-and-extend regimen.

IMPLICATIONS OF THE MORPHOLOGIC PATTERNS OF TYPE 1 MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION ON MACULAR ATROPHY GROWTH ON PATIENTS UNDER ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR TREATMENT.

Purpose: To evaluate the correspondence between macular atrophy (MA) progression and Type 1 macular neovascularization morphology during long-term anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive patients with complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retina atrophy overlying or in the proximity of macular neovascularization. The assessment of MA was based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography, en-face near infra-red imaging and fundus autofluorescence.

QUANTITATIVE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FEATURES OF INACTIVE MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.

Purpose: To compare quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography parameters between treatment-naïve quiescent macular neovascularizations (MNVs) and previously treated nonexudative Type 1 MNVs, in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: The eyes included in the study were analyzed by fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography. According to their medical history and multimodal imaging evaluation, Type 1 MNVs were divided into 2 groups: 1) treatment-naïve quiescent MNVs; 2) previously treated nonexudative Type 1 MNVs.

Functional correlation between choroidal and retinal vascularity in low-grade diabetic retinopathy.

Aims: To perform an automated functional assessment of retinal and choroidal microvasculature in eyes with low-grade diabetic retinopathy (DR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and to identify potential perfusion changes in case of early vascular damage.

Methods: This is an observational, case-control study of consecutive diabetic patients with level 20 DR severity scale score and age-matched healthy subjects. A prototypal OCT-angiography was used to obtain the OCT-angiograms of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and choriocapillaris (CC) layer.

Consensus Nomenclature for Reporting Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Data: Consensus on Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Nomenclature Study Group.

Purpose: To establish a process to evaluate and standardize a state-of-the-art nomenclature for reporting neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) data.

Design: Consensus meeting.

Participants: An international panel of retina specialists, imaging and image reading center experts, and ocular pathologists.

PREDICTIVE ACTIVATION BIOMARKERS OF TREATMENT-NAIVE ASYMPTOMATIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.

Purpose: To assess the long-term evolution of treatment-naive quiescent choroidal neovascularization (CNV), in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), to identify predictive activation biomarkers.

Methods: Patients with quiescent CNV underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies, structural optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of structural OCT and OCT angiography images were performed during the study period.

Biomarkers of Peripheral Nonperfusion in Retinal Venous Occlusions Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: To study the association between the assessment of central macular vascular layers by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and peripheral nonperfusion evaluated by fluorescein angiography (FA) in patients with retinal venous occlusion (RVO).

Methods: Retrospective review of RVO patients without macular edema. Patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including FA, spectral-domain OCT, and OCT-A.

Multimodal OCT Reflectivity Analysis of the Cystoid Spaces in Cystoid Macular Edema.

Purpose: To compare and evaluate images of macular cysts with different degrees of reflectivity (from gray to black signal) as observed in B scan spectral domain OCT (SDOCT) and EnFace OCT with decorrelation signal obtained with OCT-angiography (OCTA) in eyes with cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods: Images from 3033 patients affected by CME secondary to diabetes or RVO examined OCTA (Optovue XR Avanti, Optovue, USA) at the University Eye Clinic of Créteil, Hôpital Intercommunal, France, and at the University Eye Clinic of Cagliari, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Italy, were retrospectively examined. The deep capillary plexus OCTA images and the corresponding EnFace OCT images, both acquired with the same automatic segmentation, had been overlapped to compose RGB color images as red and green channels, respectively, using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD).

Optical coherence tomography angiography in exudative age-related macular degeneration: a predictive model for treatment decisions.

Aims: To evaluate on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), the predictive role of different qualitative findings of choroidal neovascularisations (CNV) in assessing the status of exudative age-related macular degeneration (eAMD) and to develop a potential model to predict the CNV activity.

Methods: Retrospective review of the multimodal imaging records of patients with eAMD obtained during treatment for type 1 or type 2 CNV. The qualitative analysis of CNVs on OCT angiograms assessed the presence or absence of tiny branching vessels, loops, peripheral anastomotic arcades and choriocapillaris hypointense halo.

Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography biomarkers for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in remission.

Purpose: To characterize quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) parameters in active neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients under treatment and remission nAMD patients.

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Participants: One hundred and four patients of whom 72 were in Group 1 (active nAMD) and 32 in Group 2 (remission nAMD) based on SD-OCT (Spectral Domain OCT) qualitative morphology.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in age-related macular degeneration: The game changer.

Optical coherence tomography angiography is one of the biggest advances in ophthalmic imaging. It enables a depth-resolved assessment of the retinal and choroidal blood flow, far exceeding the levels of detail commonly obtained with dye angiographies. One of the first applications of optical coherence tomography angiography was in detecting the presence of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration and establishing its position in relation to the retinal pigmented epithelium and Bruch's membrane, and thereby classifying the CNV as type 1, type 2, type 3, or mixed lesions.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Healthy Subjects and Diabetic Patients.

Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography provide information about the normal retinal and choroidal vascular perfusion. They allow the evaluation of different diseases and increase the capability to define and diagnose several pathological conditions. Fluorescein angio graphy is the "gold standard" in imaging the retinal vascular bed and its changes, although not all the different layers of the capillary network can be visualized in a bidimensional examination.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Macular Features After Proton Beam Radiotherapy for Small Choroidal Melanoma.

Purpose: To describe the macular features of patients treated with proton beam therapy for choroidal melanoma (CM), using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: This study included patients treated with proton beam radiotherapy (PBR) for a small CM.

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION: Correlations Between Macular Vascular Density, Visual Acuity, and Peripheral Nonperfusion Area on Fluorescein Angiography.

Purpose: To study correlations in patients with retinal vein occlusion between the automatically quantified macular vascular densities in the superficial and deep capillary plexus (DCP) obtained using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and the data from conventional examination, particularly visual acuity and peripheral retinal nonperfusion assessed using fluorescein angiography (FA).

Methods: Retrospective, observational study of patients with retinal vein occlusion who underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including FA and OCTA using the AngioVue OCTA system version 2015.100.

Retinal Microvasculature in Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Automated Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Assessment.

Purpose: To perform a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the foveal microvasculature in eyes with diabetic maculopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Methods: Retrospective case series of 48 eyes with diabetic maculopathy and 47 healthy eyes evaluated by Spectralis OCT-A. Perifoveal arcade disruptions, linear vascular dilations, microaneurysms, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities and flow-void areas were qualitatively analyzed on OCT angiograms both for the superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexuses.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Diabetic Maculopathy.

Fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography have provided information about the normal retinal and choroidal anatomy, nearly comparable to histological findings. These tests have been fundamental in the evaluation of all retinal and choroidal vascular diseases and have allowed clinicians to define and diagnose several pathological conditions. FA became the "gold standard" in retinal imaging due to the capacity to visualize the retinal capillary bed and its changes, both in the macular area and in the periphery.

Retinal Vein Occlusions.

Retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) have been defined as retinal vascular disorders characterized by dilatation of retinal veins with retinal and subretinal hemorrhages, macular edema, and a varying degree of retinal ischemia. Retinal angiography, either as fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) angiography or in the form of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based angiography, is essential for the diagnosis and assessment of the prognosis of RVOs. It allows the differentiation of diverse types of RVOs, such as perfused or nonperfused, as well as the detection of different modalities in the natural history of RVOs.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Macular Edema.

OCT angiography is a promising new method to visualize the retinal vasculature and choroidal vascular layers in the macular area and provides depth resolved functional information of the blood flow in the vessels. Given that the main moving elements in the eye fundus are contained in vessels, determining a vascular decorrelation signal enables visualization of 3-dimensional retinal and choroidal vascular network without the administration of intravenous dye and thus reducing the risk of potential adverse events.