Small-Gauge Vitrectomy for Macular Surgery Using a Systematic Approach to Wound Closure: 27-Gauge vs 25-Gauge.

To evaluate the effectiveness of and to compare vitrectomy performed with 25-gauge or 27-gauge instrumentation for macular surgery by assessing the surgical duration, wound closure, and complication rate using a systematic approach to wound closure. In this retrospective chart review, 125 25-gauge and 125 27-gauge consecutive small-gauge vitrectomy surgeries for epiretinal membrane, macular hole, vitreomacular adhesion, or a combination were analyzed during and immediately after surgery. Wound closure was performed using a systematic protocol.

Implantation Site of a Port Delivery System With Ranibizumab: Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Evaluation.

To determine whether anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) can be used to obtain noninvasive high-resolution images for monitoring the implantation site of a port delivery system with ranibizumab (PDS). Six eyes from the Archway phase 3 trial were imaged with AS-OCT after surgical implantation of the PDS and at regular follow-up visits. AS-OCT was helpful in monitoring the status of the overlying conjunctiva and Tenon capsule after implantation of the PDS.

Levodopa Positively Affects Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of blindness worldwide. Neovascular AMD (nAMD) is an advanced form of the disease, in which excess vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces growth of new blood vessels that leak fluid, accounting for 90% of vision loss in AMD. Dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium likely initiates AMD.

Developing Transgenic Agronomic Traits for Crops: Targets, Methods, and Challenges.

The last two decades have witnessed a surge of investment by the agricultural biotechnology industry in the development of transgenic agronomic traits. These are traits that improve yield performance by modifying endogenous physiological processes such as energy capture, nutrient utilization, and stress tolerance. In this chapter we provide a foundation for understanding these fundamental processes and then outline approaches that have been taken to use this knowledge for yield improvement.

Mitochondrial GFA2 is required for synergid cell death in Arabidopsis.

Little is known about the molecular processes that govern female gametophyte (FG) development and function, and few FG-expressed genes have been identified. We report the identification and phenotypic analysis of 31 new FG mutants in Arabidopsis. These mutants have defects throughout development, indicating that FG-expressed genes govern essentially every step of FG development.