Exposure to multiple heavy metals associated with levels of inflammatory cytokines in workers in vulnerable conditions.

Purpose: Individuals in occupational environments are particularly susceptible to the impacts of pollutants; making it crucial to assess systemic inflammation markers. The study aimed to evaluate the immune response to inflammation through the assessment of a cytokine profile in individuals working in vulnerable conditions exposed to heavy metals.

Methods: A total of 137 adults participated in this study from three work environments: brickyards, waste scavenging and quarries.

Comparative study of two retrograde locked intramedullary nail designs for ankle arthrodesis: A finite element analysis.

Ankle arthrodesis is the gold standard for treatment of end-stage arthritis. The goal of ankle arthrodesis is to obtain bony union between the tibia and the talus. Retrograde intramedullary nailing is typically reserved for ankle and subtalar joints arthrodesis.

Factors associated with dermatoporosis in a sample of geriatric patients in Mexico.

Introduction: Dermatoporosis is a chronic cutaneous fragility syndrome, characterized by skin atrophy, purpura and pseudo-cicatrices.

Objective: To determine factors associated with dermatoporosis in a sample of subjects aged ≥ 60 years.

Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study of subjects aged ≥ 60 years who underwent history taking, physical examination and application of a self-administered dermatoporosis diagnostic questionnaire.

Atrazine modifies markers of melanocyte maturation and apoptosis in primary skin cultures.

Atrazine (ATZ) is part of a group of herbicides called triazines. ATZ is widely used in agricultural areas of Mexico, commonly used for the selective control of weeds in corn and sorghum crops. The exposure to ATZ can have serious human health effects since its use was associated with the development of cutaneous melanoma in an epidemiological study.

Study of the cytotoxic and irritant effects of skin cleansing soaps.

Background: The use of soap for skin cleansing is common among the population. However, it is possible that it causes damage to skin cells and disrupts the skin barrier.

Objective: To determine the cytotoxic effect of soaps on in vitro-cultured keratinocytes and to correlate it with clinical irritation.

Effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exposure on microRNA expression and global DNA methylation in endothelial cells EA.hy926.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of AgNPs on the epigenome of endothelial cells EA.hy926, including the levels of expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and global DNA methylation patterns. In addition, evaluation of the expression of inflammatory genes and the levels of VCAM-1 protein (miRNA-126 target) was performed.

Decreased levels and activity of Sirt1 are modulated by increased miR-34a expression in adipose tissue mononuclear cells from subjects with overweight and obesity: A pilot study.

Background And Aims: Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for chronic disorders. Fat accumulation is one of the central manifestations; it occurs via a complex mechanism where multiple metabolic signals converge. Sirtuins are an enzyme family with deacetylase functions that are implicated in the regulation of several genes.

P2X4 receptor as a modulator in the function of P2X receptor in CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood and adipose tissue.

Obesity is characterized by immune cell infiltration and inflammation. Purinergic receptors such as P2X1, 4 and 7 are expressed on immune cells and their activation contributes with an inflammatory response. However, the simultaneous expression of P2X1, 4 and 7 during overweight or obesity have not been described.

DNA Methyltransferases in Malar Melasma and Their Modification by Sunscreen in Combination with 4% Niacinamide, 0.05% Retinoic Acid, or Placebo.

Background: Malar melasma has a chronic and recurrent character that may be related to epigenetic changes.

Objective: To recognize the expression and DNA methylation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in malar melasma and perilesional skin, as well as the changes in DNMTs after their treatment with sunscreen in combination with 4% niacinamide, 0.05% retinoic acid, or placebo.

Increased levels of adipose tissue-resident Th17 cells in obesity associated with miR-326.

miRNAs are important immune regulators in the control of the CD4 + T cells phenotype. miR-326 regulates the differentiation towards Th17 cells and the inhibition of miR-155 is associated with low levels of Treg cells. However, miRNAs expression and transcription factors associated with these lymphocyte subsets in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation is still unknown.

The inflammatory state of adipose tissue is not affected by the anti-inflammatory response of the A2a-adenosine system and miR-221/PTEN.

Obesity is a chronic inflammatory state with cytokines, adipokines, and miRNAs. The A2a-adenosine system decreases activation and cytokine release in immune cells. MiR-221 is upregulated in carcinogenesis and inflammatory processes, where its targets PTEN and ETS-1, negatively regulates the Akt pathway and induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, respectively.

Analysis of transcription factors, microRNAs and cytokines involved in T lymphocyte differentiation in patients with tuberculosis after directly observed treatment short-course.

Tuberculosis (Tb) is an infectious disease in which the immune system plays an important role. MicroRNAs are involved in the development and maintenance of CD4 + T lymphocyte subpopulations. miR-326 regulates the differentiation to Th17 cells and miR-29 correlates with the Th1 response.

Two P2X1 receptor transcripts able to form functional channels are present in most human monocytes.

To characterize the presence and general properties of P2X1 receptors in single human monocytes we used RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and the patch-clamp and the two-electrode voltage-clamp techniques. Most human monocytes expressed the canonical P2X1 (90%) and its splicing variant P2X1del (88%) mRNAs. P2X1 receptor immunoreactivity was also observed in 70% of these cells.

Repigmentation patterns induced by NB-UVB and their relationship with melanocytic migration and proliferation in vitiligo.

Background/purpose: Vitiligo is the most commonly acquired depigmentation disorder of the skin and is characterized by the destruction of melanocytes. Ultraviolet phototherapy with narrow band (UVB-NB) induces proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and migration of melanocytes. The clinical repigmentation is featured by follicular, marginal, and diffuse patterns.

Diminished levels of regulatory T cell subsets (CD8+Foxp3, CD4+Foxp3 and CD4+CD39+Foxp3) but increased Foxp3 expression in adipose tissue from overweight subjects.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets residing in adipose tissue, demonstrate their immunosuppressive functions, and assess the possible role of Sirt1 in their function in overweight subjects.

Methods: Fat samples were obtained by lipoaspiration from healthy overweight (n = 15) and normoweight (n = 11) subjects. We obtained the stromal vascular fraction and then isolated the mononuclear cells by Ficoll-Hypaque sedimentation.

CD39 expression on Treg and Th17 cells is associated with metabolic factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Th17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory diseases such as type two diabetes (T2D). CD39(+) Treg cells have been implicated as responsible for suppressing Th17 cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the number and function of CD4(+)CD25(high)CD39(+) Treg and Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from T2D patients and healthy control subjects.

Evaluation of the expression and function of the P2X7 receptor and ART1 in human regulatory T-cell subsets.

Regulatory T cells that express CD39 (CD39+ Treg) exhibit specific immunomodulatory properties. Ectonucleotidase CD39 hydrolyses ATP and ADP. ATP is a ligand of the P2X7 receptor and induces the shedding of CD62L and apoptosis.

Expression of CD73 and A2A receptors in cells from subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Regulatory T cells have various mechanisms to suppress the inflammatory response, among these, the modulation of the microenvironment through adenosine and with the participation of CD39, CD73 and A2A. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of CD73 and A2A in immune cells and the effect of activation of A2A by an adenosine analogue on apoptosis in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). CD73 and A2A expression were analyzed by flow cytometry in lymphocyte subpopulations from patients with obesity (n = 22), T2D (n = 22), and healthy subjects (n = 20).

Abnormal expression and function of Dectin-1 receptor in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c>8%).

Dectin-1 is a key innate receptor involved in various cellular responses and may have a direct role in chronic inflammatory conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this work was to evaluate the expression and function of Dectin-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from T2D patients. Dectin-1 expression was analyzed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR in monocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations from T2D patients (n=34) and healthy subjects (n=29).

[Angiotensin-1 converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism in a Mexican population with diabetic nephropathy].

Background And Objective: Diabetic nephropathy is a polygenic and multifactorial disease. Studies of familial clustering and genetic predisposition suggest that genetic factors are involved. Among candidate genes, the coding for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism has been described.

[The effect of aortic coarctation on nitric oxide production by the vascular endothelium].

Nitric oxide is an important regulator of vascular tone. Deficiencies in nitric oxide release have been implicated in hypertension. In the present study we evaluated vascular reactivity to phenylephrine and acetylcholine in isolated aorta ring preparations from sham and aortic coarctation-induced hypertensive rats and nitric oxide release under resting conditions and after stimulation with acetylcholine.