Examination of Sex Differences in Energy Availability, Disordered Eating, and Compulsive Exercise Among Male and Female Adolescent Athletes.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to examine sex differences in energy availability (EA) and its relationships with disordered eating, compulsive exercise, and body mass index (BMI) among adolescent athletes.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: University hospital pediatric sports medicine center.

Link Between the Female Athlete Triad and Gymnastics-Related Injury in Retired Collegiate Gymnasts.

Objectives: To compare gymnastics-related injuries between former collegiate gymnasts who did and did not report components of the female athlete triad (Triad) during college, including disordered eating or menstrual irregularity. We hypothesized that athletes reporting these 2 triad symptoms would have higher rates of time loss injury and injuries requiring surgery.

Design: Retrospective case-control.

Sleep Problems After Concussion Are Associated With Poor Balance and Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms.

We examined the association of self-reported sleep problems with clinical measures of postural stability, memory performance, symptom burden, and symptom duration following youth concussion. Patients 6-18 years of age presenting ≤21 days postconcussion underwent a clinical evaluation including modified Balance Error Scoring System, single- and dual-task tandem gait, immediate and delayed recall, and symptom severity. We calculated time from injury until symptom resolution and determined the proportion of patients who developed persistent postconcussion symptoms, defined as a symptom duration >28 days postconcussion.

Athlete Burnout Is Associated With Perceived Likelihood of Future Injury Among Healthy Adolescent Athletes.

We examined perceived risk of future sports injury and athlete burnout among uninjured adolescent athletes. Uninjured high school athlete participants completed the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) and a questionnaire assessing attitudes toward likelihood of sustaining a future sport-related injury. We compared ABQ responses between injury risk perception groups: those who expected injury versus those who did not.

Differences in Training and Health Characteristics Between Trail Ultrarunners and Shorter Distance Runners.

Introduction: The primary aim of the study was to compare select training and health characteristics between ultramarathon and shorter distance runners participating in a trail race series.

Methods: A questionnaire was sent to all participants who signed up for a trail race series, including distances of 10 km, half marathon, 50 km, 80.5 km (50 mi), and 100 km.

The association between sleep and physical activity with persisting postconcussion symptoms among adolescent athletes.

Background: Both sleep duration and physical activity following concussion may influence subsequent recovery. Objective measurement of sleep and physical activity behavior via wearable technology may provide insights into their association with concussion recovery.

Objective: To determine whether sleep behavior (eg, duration, timing) and/or physical activity (steps/day, or exercise frequency, duration, intensity) in the first month after adolescent sports-related concussion are associated with developing persisting postconcussion symptoms (PPCS).

Dizziness Is Associated With Neck/Shoulder Pain Following Pediatric Concussion.

Objective: To examine the association between dizziness and neck/shoulder pain after concussion and if differences in postural stability and oculomotor function exist among patients reporting dizziness with or without concurrent neck/shoulder pain.

Design: Cross sectional.

Setting: Sports medicine clinic.

More Physical Activity Is Correlated With Reduction in Kinesiophobia for Adolescents With Persistent Symptoms After Concussion.

Context: The relationship between physical activity (PA) and fear of pain with movement (ie, kinesiophobia) during concussion recovery is unknown. Kinesiophobia may limit PA, while PA after concussion may reduce kinesiophobia. Our purpose was to examine the correlation between PA and self-reported kinesiophobia during concussion recovery for adolescents with and without persistent symptoms.

Patient Characteristics Predictive of Immediate and Delayed Word Recall Performance Following Adolescent Concussion.

Clinicians rely on objective concussion assessments that may be influenced by patient characteristics, creating difficulties in isolating the effect of concussion on patient function. The purpose of our study was to identify characteristics associated with performance on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 edition (SCAT5) 10-word recall test following adolescent concussion. We evaluated patients seen for care within 14 days of concussion (n=125; 15.

Comparison of Braces for Treatment of Sever's Disease (Calcaneal Apophysitis) in Barefoot Athletes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Context: Sever's disease (calcaneal apophysitis) is a common condition in youth athletes, including those who participate in barefoot sports. Health care professionals often recommend that young athletes with Sever's disease wear heel cups in their shoes while active, but barefoot athletes are unable to use heel cups.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of 2 braces used by barefoot athletes with Sever's disease.

Examining initial post-concussion dizziness and postural stability as predictors of time to symptom resolution.

Objectives: To examine the utility of a multimodal assessment battery of self-reported dizziness, clinician obtained postural stability, and symptom severity ratings within 14 days of concussion to predict symptom resolution time among children and adolescents.

Design: Prospective cohort.

Methods: Patients ages 6-18 years completed evaluation ≤14 days post-concussion, including self-reported symptom severity using the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI) and postural stability assessments.

Postconcussion Dizziness Severity Predicts Daily Step Count during Recovery among Adolescent Athletes.

Purpose: Physical activity (PA) after concussion is an important aspect of appropriate clinical management. However, symptoms or functional deficits may reduce patient propensity toward PA, thereby negatively affecting recovery. Our purpose was to examine whether postconcussion dizziness, total symptom severity, or postural stability predicts PA level in the 2 wk after initial evaluation.

An 8-Week Neuromuscular Training Program After Concussion Reduces 1-Year Subsequent Injury Risk: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Existing data suggest that after concussion, athletes experience an increased risk of subsequent injury. Exploring methods that may reduce injury risk after successful postconcussion return to play may lead to new treatment approaches.

Purpose: To examine the efficacy of a neuromuscular training (NMT) intervention on acute sports-related time-loss injury over the subsequent year relative to standard of care.

Post-Concussion Dizziness, Sleep Quality, and Postural Instability: A Cross-Sectional Investigation.

Context: Dizziness, postural instability, and poor sleep quality are all commonly reported post-concussion and individually relate to poor outcomes.

Objective: To examine sleep quality and postural stability among adolescents who did and did not report dizziness within two weeks of concussion.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Patient perception of dizziness and imbalance does not correlate with gait measures in adolescent athletes post-concussion.

Background: Dizziness and gait impairments are commonly observed following a concussion, and both are associated with prolonged concussion recovery.

Research Question: Is there a correlation between combined self-reported dizziness and balance impairment severity with objective gait impairments after concussion?

Methods: Participants (n = 51; 15.4 ± 1.

Symptom and clinical recovery outcomes for pediatric concussion following early physical activity.

Objective: Recent research supports initiating physical activity as soon as 24 to 48 hours after concussion to reduce persistent postconcussive symptoms. However, this practice has not been widely adopted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of early physical activity with patient-reported and functional outcomes for pediatric patients following a concussion.

Intersection of surgical injuries and pain interference among former female collegiate gymnasts.

Background: Gymnastics is a competitive sport with numerous health benefits. However, few data exist that examine the lasting effects of injuries in retired gymnasts.

Objective: To examine pain interference among former collegiate gymnasts.

Neuromuscular training after concussion to improve motor and psychosocial outcomes: A feasibility trial.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of an 8-week neuromuscular training program initiated upon return-to-play clearance following concussion.

Design: Feasibility trial.

Setting: A single sports medicine center.

Transitory kinesiophobia after sport-related concussion and its correlation with reaction time.

Objectives: To examine kinesiophobia (i.e. fear of movement) among adolescent athletes with concussion compared to controls, and correlations of kinesiophobia with symptoms and reaction time.

More Physical Activity after Concussion Is Associated with Faster Return to Play among Adolescents.

Concussion management has evolved to de-emphasize rest in favor of early introduction of post-injury physical activity. However, the optimal quantity, frequency and intensity of physical activity are unclear. Our objective was to examine the association between objective physical activity metrics and clinical recovery after concussion.

Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change for a Smartphone-Based Motor-Cognitive Assessment: Implications for Concussion Management.

Our purpose was to investigate the reliability and minimal detectable change characteristics of a smartphone-based assessment of single- and dual-task gait and cognitive performance. Uninjured adolescent athletes (n = 17; mean age = 16.6, SD = 1.

Sport specialization, sleep, fatigue, and psychosocial ratings: do highly specialized athletes differ from their less specialized peers?

Objectives: To determine if sleep quality, fatigue, anxiety, depressive symptoms, or perceptions of sport participation differ between high-, moderate-, and low-specialized high school athletes with or without prior injuries.

Methods: During pre-participation physical examinations (PPE), high school athletes completed questionnaires on sport specialization level, history of time-loss orthopedic injury, perceptions of sport participation, as well as sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)), fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®)). Athletes were grouped according to sport specialization level and history of prior time-loss orthopedic injury.

Is near point of convergence associated with symptom profiles or recovery in adolescents after concussion?

Our purpose was to compare the clinical and injury characteristics of concussion patients with a receded near point of convergence (NPC) vs those without a receded NPC. Concussion patients were seen within 14 days of injury. We compared those with receded a NPC (>6 cm) break point distance and those with a normal NPC distance on symptom, behavioral, and clinical assessments.

Presence and Perceptions of Menstrual Dysfunction and Associated Quality of Life Measures Among High School Female Athletes.

Context: Adolescent female athletes are at risk for menstrual dysfunction in the setting of exercise and low energy availability. Education regarding menstrual dysfunction and its associated consequences is important to promote athlete wellbeing.

Objective: The primary aim was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of female athletes who believed that losing their period was a normal response to high training demands.

Sports participation volume and psychosocial outcomes among healthy high school athletes.

Objectives: We assessed the association between hours/week of sports participation and psychosocial outcomes among high school athletes. We hypothesized that more hours of participation would be associated with the lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Methods: Participants completed the Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Profile 25 quality of life and other questionnaires to assess sports participation, socioeconomic status, and health history.