Acute kidney injury associated with increased costs in the neonatal intensive care unit: analysis of Pediatric Health Information System database.

Objective: Compare neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization costs between neonates with and without AKI; identify predictors of AKI-associated costs. We hypothesized neonates with AKI would amass more costs than those without AKI.

Study Design: Retrospective, multicenter cohort study of surviving neonates cared for 2015-2021 in Pediatric Health Information System database.

Opioid Dosing Deviation and Dose Banding Development in Young Hospitalized Children.

Background And Objectives: Individualized, weight-based opioid dosing poses safety risks and contributes to inefficient medication delivery processes. Dose banding is a patient safety strategy to reduce dosing errors through standardized doses based on weight ranges. Study objectives were (1) determine the frequency of dosing deviation from reference ranges of common intravenous (IV) and oral opioid medications, (2) evaluate the differences in dosing deviations by age, and (3) determine the potential reduction in dose variation that could be achieved by dose banding.

Edwardsiella tarda induces airways inflammation and production of autoantibodies against lung tissues through regulation of the IL-33-ST2 axis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent chronic respiratory disease characterised by irreversible airways obstruction associated with chronic airways inflammation and remodelling, while the pathogenesis and the mechanistic differences between patients remain to be fully elucidated. We previously reported that alarmin cytokine IL-33 may contribute to the production of autoantibodies against respiratory epithelial cells. Here we expand the hypothesis that pulmonary autoimmune responses induced by airway microbiota also contribute to the progression of COPD.

Leveraging Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarship to Meet Organizational Leaders' Expectations.

The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree prepares nurses for engagement in practice scholarship to improve health outcomes at multiple system levels. Organizational leaders' and employers' perceptions and expectations of DNP-prepared nurses require further study. To explore the perception of organizational leaders regarding expectations and engagement of DNP-prepared nurses in practice scholarship activities.

How state firework restrictions affect the incidence of paediatric firework injuries in the USA.

Objectives: State laws dictate firework access in the USA, and the association between state laws and paediatric firework injuries has not been investigated. We hypothesise that states with fewer firework restrictions will have a higher incidence of paediatric firework injuries.

Methods: A retrospective review (2012-2020) of paediatric patients who sustained a fireworks-related injury was conducted using the Pediatric Health Information System.

Influence of Bone Cement Augmentation on Complications in Cephalomedullary Nail Fixation of Geriatric Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine if augmentation of the helical blade with polymethylmethacrylate bone cement decreases the rates of varus cut-out and medial perforation in geriatric intertrochanteric hip fracture fixation.

Methods: This was a retrospective comparative cohort study at two urban Level I trauma centers. Patients with an intertrochanteric hip fracture (classified as AO 31A1-3) who were treated with the TFN-Advanced Proximal Femoral Nailing System (TFNA) from 2018 to 2021 were eligible for the study.

Airways epithelial exposure to Streptococcus pneumoniae in the presence of the alarmin IL-33 induces a novel subset of pro-inflammatory ILC2s promoting a mixed inflammatory response.

Background: We have previously shown that asthma-like airways inflammation may be induced by topical exposure to respiratory tract pathogens such as S. pneumoniae (SP) in concert with epithelial alarmins such as IL-33. Details of the pathogenesis of this murine surrogate remain however unexplored.

Bacterial antigens and asthma: a comparative study of common respiratory pathogenic bacteria.

In a previous study we have shown that, in the presence of interleukin (IL)-33, repeated, per-nasal challenge of murine airways with () organisms induces human asthma-like airways inflammation. It is not clear, however, whether this effect is unique or manifest in response to other common respiratory pathogens. To explore this, airways of BALB/c mice were repeatedly challenged per-nasally with formaldehyde-inactivated bacterial bodies in the presence or absence of murine recombinant IL-33.

Association of sex and aspirin use with postoperative bleeding in patients with lower extremity long bone fractures.

Objective: The perioperative management of patients on antiplatelet drugs is a rising challenge in orthopedic trauma because antiplatelet drugs are frequently encountered and carry an increased risk of hemorrhagic consequences. The study objective was to examine the effect of aspirin on bleeding outcomes for patients with lower extremity fractures.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients requiring surgical fixation of traumatic hip, femur, and tibia fractures from January 1, 2018, to March 1, 2020.

Novel halogenated flame retardants in Canadian human milk from the MIREC study (2008-2011).

Novel halogenated flame retardants (NHFRs) have been developed to replace those brominated flame retardants that have been restricted due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential and toxicity, therefore, it is important to determine whether these replacement products are present at detectable concentrations in Canadians. NHFRs were measured in human milk samples (n = 541) collected from across Canada between 2008 and 2011, which is the first pan-Canadian dataset for these chemicals in human milk. Among the 15 measured NHFRs and eight methoxy-polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs), nine NHFRs and two MeO-PBDEs (6-MeO-PBDE 47 and 2-MeO-PBDE 68) were detected at a frequency of more than 9%.

Allergen Immunotherapy for Asthma.

Allergen immunotherapy is a disease-modifying treatment for IgE-mediated allergies reducing disease burden and symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis, with or without asthma. The growing evidence that allergen immunotherapy also has the potential to facilitate achieving asthma control in patients with allergic asthma resulted in its acknowledgment by international bodies (Global Initiative for Asthma and European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) as add-on treatment for mild/moderate asthma. Although there have been promising developments in biomarkers for patient selection and for allergen immunotherapy efficacy evaluation in patients with asthma, a lot more data are still required.

Cigarette smoke aggravates asthma via altering airways inflammation phenotypes and remodelling.

Introduction: Many asthmatic patients are exposed to cigarette smoke actively or passively, which contributes to asthma exacerbation and poor control. This study is to explore the effects of cigarette smoke on pathological changes in murine surrogate of asthma.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were sensitised and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish a surrogate of asthma and then administered with cigarette smoke extract (CSE).

Impact of Left Heart Disease Risk Factors on Outcomes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Therapy.

Background: Current guidelines recommend initial monotherapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with cardiopulmonary comorbidities, despite limited available evidence to guide management.

Research Question: Do left heart disease (LHD) risk factors have an impact on treatment response and influence applicability of risk assessment in a real-world cohort of patients with PAH?

Study Design And Methods: The Ambrisentan and Tadalafil in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (AMBITION) trial criteria was used to define the phenotype of patients with PAH with risk factors for LHD. Treatment strategy, functional outcome, long-term survival, and risk discrimination were compared with a reference PAH cohort using the Pulmonary Hypertension Society of Australia and New Zealand Registry.

Traumatic brain injury epidemiology and rehabilitation in Ireland: a protocol paper.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In Ireland, a dearth of research means that we neither know the number of people affected by TBI, nor have the required data to improve neuro-rehabilitation services. This is a study protocol to examine the epidemiology and pathways through rehabilitation for a cohort of TBI survivors in the Republic of Ireland.

The effect of restrictive fluid management on outcomes among geriatric hip fractures: a retrospective cohort study at five level I trauma centers.

Unlabelled: Restrictive fluid management (RFM) for hemodynamically unstable trauma patients has reduced mortality rates. The objective was to determine whether RFM benefits geriatric hip fracture patients, who are usually hemodynamically stable.

Design: Retrospective propensity-matched study.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces airway smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness and proliferation.

Background: The emerging role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in regulating smooth muscle functions has led to the exploration of the possibility that this sphingolipid could represent a potential therapeutic target in asthma and other lung diseases. Several studies in animal surrogates have suggested a role for S1P-mediated signaling in the regulation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling, but evidence from human studies is lacking.

Objective: We sought to compare the responsiveness of the airways to S1P in healthy and asthmatic individuals in vivo, in isolated human airways ex vivo, and in murine airways dissected from healthy and house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized animals.

Coronoid Fracture Reconstruction with Ipsilateral Olecranon Osteoarticular Autograft in the Acute Setting: A Case Report.

Case: An 18-year-old male polytrauma patient sustained a high-energy posterior fracture dislocation of his left elbow associated with a comminuted and irreparable O'Driscoll type 2 subtype 3 anteromedial facet coronoid fracture. He underwent early coronoid reconstruction using ipsilateral olecranon osteoarticular autograft with incorporation of the sublime tubercle attachment of the medial collateral ligament and repair of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament. A 3-year follow-up revealed a functional, painless, congruent, and stable elbow.

Rhinitis associated with asthma is distinct from rhinitis alone: The ARIA-MeDALL hypothesis.

Asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD) are interrelated clinical phenotypes that partly overlap in the human interactome. The concept of "one-airway-one-disease," coined over 20 years ago, is a simplistic approach of the links between upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases. With new data, it is time to reassess the concept.

Governing AI during a pandemic crisis: Initiatives at the EU level.

After the outbreak of Covid-19, the European Commission (EC) promptly took the initiative to lead and coordinate a common European response. The actions unfolded in several directions, paving the way to the uptake of AI-related solutions and placing hope in these tools to face crises, namely of a public health and global nature. In this article, we focus on initiatives for the uptake of AI-related solutions from the experimental level towards implementation.

Differences in mirex [dechlorane] and dechlorane plus [syn- and anti-] concentrations observed in Canadian human milk.

As part of the pan-Canadian Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study, human milk samples were collected between 2008 and 2011, and analyzed for mirex, an organochlorine insecticide and flame retardant, in addition to dechlorane plus (syn- and anti-DDC-CO), the flame retardant replacement for mirex. Mirex was analyzed separately, using a method for the analysis of existing organochlorine insecticides, while the presence of DDC-CO isomers was determined using a method developed for the detection of emerging flame retardants. Mirex was detected in all samples analyzed (n = 298), while syn- and anti-DDC-CO were present in 61.