Large-Scale Serological Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus in Small Ruminants in Senegal.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are among the list of emerging zoonotic diseases that require special attention and priority. RVF is one of the six priority diseases selected by the Senegalese government. Repeated epidemic episodes and sporadic cases of CCHF and RVF in Senegal motivated this study, involving a national cross-sectional serological survey to assess the distribution of the two diseases in this country throughout the small ruminant population.

Case report: Abomasal ulcer secondary to congenital pyloric and duodenal stenosis in a 3-day-old heifer.

Abomasal ulcers, an economic concern for all calf-raising farms, are usually silent until perforation occurs, at which time management is complicated and often unrewarding. This case study describes perforating ulcer in a 3-day-old Brahman heifer, occurring secondary to a congenital narrowing of the pylorus and proximal duodenum and leading to marked abomasal distention, leakage, and eventual peritonitis and sepsis.

Early pathogenesis in rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2.

To detail early tissue distribution and innate immune response to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2), 13 rabbits were orally (Oryctolagus cuniculus) inoculated with liver homogenate made from a feral rabbit that succumbed to RHDV2 during the 2020 outbreak in Oregon, USA. Rabbits were monitored regularly, with euthanasia and collection of tissues and swabs, at 12, 24, 36, 48, 96, and 144 h post inoculation. Livers from these rabbits were positive by RT-rtPCR for presence of the virus.

Viral replication site distribution for rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues via in situ hybridization.

We made 2 Z-based in situ hybridization (ISH) probes for the detection of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2; GI.2) nucleic acid in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from European rabbits () that had died during an outbreak of RHD in Washington, USA. One probe system was made for detection of negative-sense RNA (i.

A Novel Hypomorphic Mouse Model Implicates Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 in Oxidative DNA Damage Repair in Gastric Epithelial Cells.

Though best known for its role in oxidative DNA damage repair, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional protein that regulates multiple host responses during oxidative stress, including the reductive activation of transcription factors. As knockout of the APE1-encoding gene, , is embryonically lethal, we sought to create a viable model with generalized inhibition of APE1 expression. A hypomorphic (HM) mouse with decreased APE1 expression throughout the body was generated using a construct containing a neomycin resistance () cassette knocked into the site.

Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Induced Lesions, Tissue Tropism and Host Responses following Experimental Infection of Egyptian Rousette Bats () with the Zoonotic Paramyxovirus, Sosuga Virus.

Ecological and experimental infection studies have identified Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs; : family Pteropodidae) as a reservoir host for the zoonotic rubula-like paramyxovirus Sosuga virus (SOSV). A serial sacrifice study of colony-bred ERBs inoculated with wild-type, recombinant SOSV identified small intestines and salivary gland as major sites of viral replication. In the current study, archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from the serial sacrifice study were analyzed in depth-histologically and immunohistochemically, for SOSV, mononuclear phagocytes and T cells.

Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

In situ cytokine gene expression in early stage of virulent Newcastle disease in chickens.

Selected lymphoid and reproductive tissues were examined from groups of 3-week-old chickens and 62-week-old hens that were inoculated choanally and conjunctivally with 10 EID of a virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolate from the California 2018-2020 outbreak, and euthanized at 1, 2, and 3 days postinfection. In the 3-week-old chickens, immunohistochemistry for NDV and for T and B cell lymphocytes, as well as in situ hybridization for IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α revealed extensive expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in lymphoid tissues, often coinciding with NDV antigen. IFN-γ was only expressed infrequently in the same lymphoid tissues, and TNF-α was rarely expressed.

Detection of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues via in situ hybridization.

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from European rabbits () that succumbed to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2; GI.2) during the 2019 outbreak in Washington, USA, were utilized for in situ hybridization via RNAscope (ACDBio). This detection method was both sensitive and specific, with no staining in tissues from RHDV- ( GI.

Runting and Stunting Syndrome in Broiler Chickens: Histopathology and Association With a Novel Picornavirus.

Runting stunting syndrome (RSS) in commercial chickens has been reported worldwide, and although several studies have attempted to clarify the cause and describe the lesions, there are gaps in knowledge of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and etiology. The study objective was to use commercial chicks naturally affected by RSS to describe the histologic changes of RSS in all segments of the small intestine in chicks of different ages and to identify viral gene sequences in affected chicks and their association with histologic lesions. Chicks lacking clinical signs but from the same houses and from unaffected houses were used as controls.

A retrospective study of DNA prevalence of porcine parvoviruses in Mexico and its relationship with porcine circovirus associated disease.

Worldwide, many emerging porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) have been linked to porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) associated disease (PCVAD), which includes post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), PCV2-related reproductive failure (PCV2-RF), as well as other syndromes. To determine the DNA prevalence of PPVs and their relationship with PMWS and PCV2-RF in Mexico, 170 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were selected from archival collections to detect PPVs using a nested polymerase chain reaction. The tissues were composed of 50 PMWS cases, 20 age-matched tissues from healthy pigs, 56 PCV2-related reproductive failure (PCV2 -RF) cases, and 44 PCV2 -RF cases.

Tropism of Newcastle disease virus strains for chicken neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.

Background: Newcastle disease (ND), which is caused by infections of poultry species with virulent strains of Avian orthoavulavirus-1, also known as avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1), and formerly known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV), may cause neurological signs and encephalitis. Neurological signs are often the only clinical signs observed in birds infected with neurotropic strains of NDV. Experimental infections have shown that the replication of virulent NDV (vNDV) strains is in the brain parenchyma and is possibly confined to neurons and ependymal cells.

Transboundary animal diseases as re-emerging threats - Impact on one health.

Transboundary animal diseases are those that can move through a population of animals and cause considerable economic and societal harm. Many have high mortality, and in low-income areas, can quickly destroy herds and flocks of agricultural animals. Although much of One Health, which sits at the intersection of human, animal, and environmental health, focuses on the zoonotic diseases, in fact transboundary animal diseases can harm both humans and the environment through robbing communities of livelihoods and nutrition, and creating environmental contamination through extensive carcass disposal requirements.

Cardiac mesothelial papillary hyperplasia in four dogs.

Mesothelial papillary hyperplasia (MPH) has been described as an incidental finding on the epicardial surface of clinically normal laboratory Beagle dogs. We describe MPH in 4 dogs diagnosed with acute cardiac tamponade (1 case) or chronic cardiac disease (3 cases). Cardiac MPH appeared as distinct, soft, irregular villous plaques on the epicardial surface of the auricles and occasionally the ventricles.

Challenges in Preparing Veterinarians for Global Animal Health: Understanding the Public Sector.

Understanding of global systems is essential for veterinarians seeking to work in realms outside of their national domain. In the global system, emphasis remains on the public sector, and the current curricular emphasis in developed countries is on private clinical practice for the domestic employment market. There is a resulting lack of competency at graduation for effective engagement internationally.

Effects of Chicken Interferon Gamma on Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Immunogenicity.

More effective vaccines are needed to control avian diseases. The use of chicken interferon gamma (chIFNγ) during vaccination is a potentially important but controversial approach that may improve the immune response to antigens. In the present study, three different systems to co-deliver chIFNγ with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigens were evaluated for their ability to enhance the avian immune response and their protective capacity upon challenge with virulent NDV.